Benign thymomas are associated with long-term survival after radical surgical resection, and the term benign thymoma refers to the absence of carcinoma in specimens surgically removed through thymoma surgery. Thymoma mainly originates from or differentiates into thymic epithelium and can be classified into benign and malignant tumors. For early stage thymoma with an intact envelope, with complete surgical resection, the 5-year survival rate is 100% and the 10-15-year survival rate is about 90%. Thus, benign thymoma can survive for a long time without affecting the patient’s life. The survival time of malignant thymoma depends on the degree of differentiation of the particular cancer cells and the type of pathology, which needs to be determined by a puncture biopsy of the thymic mass or by microscopic pathology after direct surgical resection. When any of these diseases are present, one should go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible, and once diagnosed should be treated as soon as possible to prevent aggravation of the disease.