When to do urine bacterial culture: First, when the suspected infection of the urinary tract needs to be diagnosed, bacterial culture is needed, if the culture of pathogenic bacteria, can confirm the diagnosis of the presence of urinary tract infection. Second, for the presence of symptoms of urinary tract infection, after drug treatment without any effect need to do urine bacterial culture. The specific bacteria can be cultured to determine whether the drugs used are resistant to the treatment and lead to ineffective treatment. Third, with unexplained fever, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, painful urination, urinary routine normal or slightly abnormal, etc., urine bacterial culture is needed to determine whether there is a pathogenic bacteria infection. Fourthly, patients with dysbiosis caused by long-term use of antimicrobials need to have urine bacterial culture to further confirm the diagnosis of the presence of urinary tract fungal infection. Fifth, urine bacterial culture is routinely required for patients who wear catheters for a long time or after surgery, or after kidney transplantation.