Lumbar disc herniation is one of the common orthopedic diseases, and about 1/5 of the patients with lumbar leg pain are caused by lumbar disc herniation. The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae, and there is a disc-shaped elastic cushion between two adjacent vertebrae, which is surrounded by a fibrous ring and ligaments, and this disc-shaped cushion is what we call the intervertebral disc, which can play the role of cushioning pressure. Lumbar disc degeneration is the basic pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation. Generally, after the age of 20, the intervertebral disc begins to undergo significant degenerative changes, and the toughness and elasticity of the fibrous ring gradually decreases. At this time, if there is trauma, especially cumulative strain injury, it becomes the cause of rupture of the annulus fibrosus. There are also many cases where there is no history of trauma, but where the tension in the muscles and ligaments increases after exposure to cold, which increases the internal pressure of the intervertebral disc and promotes the rupture of the degenerated annulus fibrosus. The incidence of lumbar disc herniation is gradually increasing and the age of onset is gradually decreasing, especially with the decrease in exercise and incorrect sitting habits of modern people. Lumbar disc herniation also occurs in people under the age of 20, which is known as adolescent lumbar disc herniation. Unlike adults, the intervertebral discs of adolescents under the age of 20 are not yet fully degenerated, so trauma becomes the main cause of lumbar disc herniation in adolescents. When the lumbar spine is loaded and rotates rapidly, the disc annulus fibrosus is most likely to cause damage, and most adolescent patients are directly caused by inappropriate physical activity. In addition, lumbar disc herniation in adolescents may also be associated with congenital developmental abnormalities such as lumbar scoliosis and lumbosacral migration. A herniated lumbar disc does not necessarily produce clinical symptoms. If the herniated disc compresses the spinal cord or nerve roots causing a series of symptoms of lumbar and leg pain, it is called lumbar disc herniation, so a herniated lumbar disc is not equal to lumbar disc herniation. The main manifestation of lumbar disc herniation is lumbago with leg pain and leg numbness, which is characterized by increased pain when the abdominal pressure is elevated, such as coughing, sneezing, defecation, and pain relief after bed rest, pressure pain beside the spine, and also accompanied by radiating pain in the lower limbs. Based on the above performance, lumbar disc herniation can be considered as a high possibility, and further examination by a doctor should be requested. Generally, CT examination of lumbar spine is needed. If the CT examination results do not match with the symptoms and signs and cannot explain the symptoms and signs, then further examination is needed. The positive detection rate of lumbar CT for lumbar disc herniation cannot be 100%, especially for some free disc herniation, because the prolapsed nucleus pulposus tissue may be far from the level of the intervertebral space, then conventional lumbar CT may cause a missed diagnosis for these types of disc herniation, while MRI examination has a higher positive detection rate for these types of disc herniation. The choice of treatment for lumbar disc herniation depends on the different pathological stages and clinical manifestations of this disease, as well as the physical and psychological status of the patient. Surgical and non-surgical therapies, each with its own indications, can be used to relieve or cure the majority of lumbar disc herniations with non-surgical therapies. Conservative treatment is mainly indicated for: (1) young patients with first attack or short duration of disease; (2) patients with long duration of disease but mild symptoms and signs; (3) patients with small disc herniation on imaging. Specific methods include absolute bed rest, continuous traction, physical therapy, massage, oral anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs, and local closed treatment. Generally no effect of regular conservative treatment for 6 to 8 weeks consider taking other methods. It should be noted that: (1) absolute bed rest is most important. (2) Traction is possible, but traction can aggravate clinical discomfort initially, and it should be recognized correctly. (3) Local physiotherapy heat application. (4)Non-steroidal pain medication, hormonal drugs can be added appropriately in the acute stage. (5)Epidural closure can be done if the above methods are not effective. (6) Avoid physical labor during the recovery period. Which patients need surgery? 1, diagnosed lumbar disc herniation for more than six months, after non-surgical treatment is ineffective, and the symptoms are aggravated. 2.The first violent attack of lumbar disc herniation, the patient has difficulty moving and sleeping due to pain, and is forced to bend the hip and knee in the lateral position, or even kneeling. 3. Single nerve palsy or cauda equina nerve palsy occurs, manifesting as muscle paralysis or impaired defecation and urination. 4.Middle-aged patients with long disease duration, affecting work and life. 5.Huge disc herniation confirmed by reliable examination. 6.Surgical treatment is recommended when non-surgical treatment is effective but the symptoms are recurrent and the pain is heavy for more than 3 times. 7, lumbar disc herniation combined with lumbar spinal stenosis manifestation. The most important thing is to start from daily life to keep away from lumbar disc herniation. Our poor standing, sitting and labor posture, as well as sleeping posture are all triggers of lumbar disc herniation. Correcting bad posture and habits, strengthening exercise, and enhancing physical fitness, especially strengthening the functional exercise of the lumbar back muscles can prevent the occurrence of lumbar disc herniation. Because proper exercise can improve muscle blood circulation, stimulate metabolism, increase muscle coordination and strength, and improve the stability, flexibility and durability of the lumbar spine, thus preventing the occurrence of lumbar disc herniation.