Chronic kidney failure has been recognized in recent years as a silent epidemic spreading relentlessly around the world. According to recent literature, up to 20 million people in the United States are at risk of developing the disease, and a large proportion of this population will progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or uremia. Once in uremia, it requires huge medical costs to maintain life by dialysis or kidney transplantation, and the survival period of dialysis and kidney transplantation patients is significantly shorter than that of normal people. Why is the incidence of chronic kidney failure increasing dramatically? Secondly, with the arrival of an aging society, the kidney function of the elderly itself is declining, and under the action of various etiologies, kidney function is more likely to be damaged; furthermore, with the improvement of technology in the field of cardiovascular treatment of heart failure, such patients can survive longer, and the number of patients with chronic kidney failure increases accordingly. How can chronic renal failure be detected early? First of all, we should strengthen the monitoring of the following high-risk factors, such as: hypertension, diabetes, old age, smoking, obesity, hyperlipidemia, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney, tubulointerstitial nephritis, kidney stones, anatomical abnormalities of the urinary system, autoimmune diseases, long-term exposure to nephrotoxic substances, etc. Regular urine tests, urine microalbumin, 24-hour urine protein quantification, renal function (blood creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid), blood lipids, blood glucose, endogenous creatinine clearance, and if necessary, more accurate isotope GFR measurement should be done. These tests can determine the presence or absence of chronic renal failure and the specific stage (there are now five stages), and can help determine the cause of chronic renal failure. Among them, kidney puncture in patients with glomerulonephritis is an important method to clarify the type of pathology, determine the prognosis and guide the treatment, which is performed under the guidance of ultrasound and has a high degree of safety and no significant impact on the body. How to treat chronic renal failure? First of all, long-term, regular follow-up and treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a nephrologist. Qualified nephrologists, unlike general internists, can accurately assess the extent and causes of kidney function impairment; treat certain causes, which can stabilize or even reverse kidney function in some patients; and use a series of treatments recognized by the international nephrology community as effective to slow down the decline of kidney function. These methods include: strict reduction of blood pressure, use of angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and receptor antagonists (ARB), control of blood glucose and lipids, low salt diet, restriction of protein intake, smoking cessation, avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs, lifestyle changes, correction of anemia, correction of acidosis, treatment of renal bone disease, correction of malnutrition, treatment of cardiovascular complications, etc. The nephrologist will regularly monitor the progress of kidney function, accurately determine when dialysis treatment is needed, and provide comprehensive pre-dialysis education in advance.