Enterovirus 71 is a type of human enterovirus, referred to as EV71, which often causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, viral pharyngitis, and myocarditis, pulmonary edema, and encephalitis in children with severe disease, which are collectively referred to as enterovirus EV71 infections. The disease mostly occurs in children, especially infants and young children under 3 years old, and a few are seriously ill and can cause death in severe cases. EV71 infections can occur throughout the year, commonly from April to September. The incubation period of the disease is 2 to 7 days, and the source of infection includes patients and latent infections, which are mostly spread through air (droplets), diet and close contact. Infected children develop small, chickenpox-like herpes on the skin of the hands and feet or on the mucous membranes of the mouth, hence the name hand, foot and mouth disease. EV71 infection is a global epidemic and was first recognized in the United States in 1972. In Australia, Sweden, Bulgaria, Hungary and other countries, there were successive outbreaks of EV71 epidemics with the central nervous system as the main clinical feature. Japan is an Asian country with a high incidence of EV71 infection and has a history of several large-scale epidemics. in the late 1990s, EV71 began to ravage the East Asian region. since 1997, there has been a large-scale outbreak of the disease in Malaysia and Singapore, with an increase in the number of deaths due to concurrent central nervous system symptoms, causing concern and alarm worldwide. In China, the disease has been detected in Shanghai since 1981, and later reported in Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, Fujian, Jilin, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Guangdong and a dozen other provinces (cities).From May 2008 to June 2015, 12.8 million cases of HFMD were reported in China, with 3296 deaths, making it one of the highest incidences of infectious diseases in China for several years, and the situation of epidemic prevention and control The epidemic prevention and control situation is not optimistic. There is no targeted treatment for the disease, prevention is an effective means to reduce and control EV71 infection, and the development and use of vaccines is the first choice for prevention and control of the disease.