China is a country with high incidence of esophageal cancer, and it is estimated that more than 50% of the esophageal cancer patients in the world are Chinese, and the annual death from esophageal cancer accounts for about 20% of the total number of malignant tumor deaths in China. Due to the traditional misconceptions of patients and their families as well as the arbitrariness of individual doctors, esophageal cancer treatment is all about surgery, which leads to recurrence and metastasis after surgery and poor prognosis. At present, the main treatment means of esophageal cancer are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological immunotherapy, Chinese medicine treatment, etc. In the past 10 years, with the development of medical imaging and radiotherapy technology, the traditional conventional radiotherapy is changing to precise radiotherapy, in addition, new chemotherapy drugs for esophageal cancer are applied, the local control rate and survival rate of patients are significantly improved, and the toxic side effects of treatment are light. Therefore, in recent years, our doctors’ understanding of esophageal cancer treatment has changed greatly, and the control of surgical indications has become stricter. Then how to combine the advantages of various treatment methods organically according to individual patient’s condition, formulate exact and effective overall comprehensive treatment plan, and carry out standardized and individualized treatment of esophageal cancer to reduce recurrence and metastasis, improve survival rate and quality of survival, and avoid over-treatment. The following strategies are recommended: First, to comprehensively assess the esophageal lesion and its stage to provide a basis for treatment decision, routine examination is required Esophagoscopy to take biopsy to clarify the pathological diagnosis Barium meal examination of esophageal X-ray to understand the site, morphology and scope of esophageal lesion and the degree of lumen narrowing Enhanced CT scan of neck, chest and abdomen to understand the site of esophageal lesion, depth of infiltration and surrounding tissues, lymph node metastasis and distant Ultrasound of the abdomen to understand the metastasis of abdominal lymph nodes, liver, adrenal gland, etc. For those with bone pain, ECT of the whole body should be done to understand whether there is bone metastasis. Physical condition and past medical history