Kidney stones may lead to renal insufficiency, and a common cause of renal insufficiency is hydronephrosis due to obstruction caused by the stones. Further aggravation of hydronephrosis can exert pressure on the renal parenchyma, resulting in the cessation of renal filtration, causing damage to the renal parenchymal units and resulting in renal insufficiency. It may also be due to a combination of infections that lead to a transient impairment of renal function, which is characterized by temporary renal insufficiency. When suffering from kidney stones, active treatment is needed, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, surgical treatment and other timely removal of stones to avoid further damage to renal function. For patients with infections, we need to conduct urine culture to select sensitive drugs for anti-infection treatment, and wait for the infection to be cured, and then through surgery or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to remove the stones as soon as possible. However, during the treatment period, patients need to drink more water, urinate more, and at the same time need to assist a certain amount of exercise to promote the discharge of stones.