The best time to treat chocolate cysts is when they are found, the sooner the better. Chocolate cysts are a form of endometriosis, the pathogenesis of which is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. When ectopic endometrial lesions grow on the ovaries, they form cystic masses as the number of menstrual periods increases, and gradually increase in size with menstruation. Women with chocolate cysts experience progressive worsening menstrual pain, increased menstrual flow, discomfort in the lower back and abdomen, painful intercourse, and secondary infertility, and patients also tend to come to the clinic with these symptoms. Since chocolate cyst is a progressive disease, once diagnosed, treatment should be given in a timely manner so as not to lead to gradual aggravation of the condition or even rupture of the cyst. Treatment of chocolate cysts also depends on the patient’s age, symptoms, and whether or not they are fertile. Generally, for young patients or patients with mild symptoms, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist drugs can be used for 6 months. In older patients or patients who have given birth and for whom conservative treatment has failed, surgery is recommended.