Definition: Metabolic syndrome is a group of clinical syndromes with aggregated onset of obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia (referring to hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypoHDL-Cemia) and hypertension that severely affect the health of the body, and is a combination of metabolically interrelated risk factors that directly contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and also increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Diagnostic criteria: having three or more of the following.
1, abdominal obesity: waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 85 cm in women
2, hyperglycemia: fasting blood glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or 2h after sugar load blood glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and those who have been diagnosed and treated for diabetes
3, hypertension: BP ≥ 130/85mmHg and (or) has been confirmed as hypertension treatment
4, fasting TG ≥ 1.7mmol/L
5, fasting HDL-C <1.04mmol/L
According to the 2007 “Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Chinese Adults”, the working definition of the new MS (JCDCG) was developed using the waist circumference criteria
Dyslipidemia in Chinese is mainly characterized by high TG and low HDL-C, with a prevalence of 56.2-76.0% for “borderline dyslipidemia and abnormalities” TC ≥ 5.2 mmol/L or LDL-c ≥ 3.12 mmol/L or TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L or HDL-c < 1.04 mmol/L
A significant 50% increase in ischemic cardiovascular risk in people with HDL-c<1.04mmol/L (40mg/dl).
The main goal of the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome: prevention of clinical cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Prevention and treatment.
In principle, lifestyle treatment should be initiated first, and active and sustained lifestyle treatment is an important measure to achieve these goals. Then pharmacological treatment for various risk factors.
1. Lifestyle interventions: maintaining ideal body weight, appropriate exercise, changing diet to reduce caloric intake, quitting smoking and not drinking alcohol in excess, etc., reduce insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and improve glucose tolerance and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
2. Pharmacological treatment for various risk factors such as diabetes or impaired glucose regulation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity.
Treatment goals.
1.Weight reduction of 7-10% within one year, and strive for normalization of BMI and waist circumference.
2, blood pressure: <130/80mmHg in diabetic patients and <140/90mmHg in non-diabetic patients.
3, LDL-C<2.6mmol/L, TG<1.7mmol/L, HDL-C>1.04mmol/L (male) or 1.3mmol/L (female)
4. Fasting glucose <6.1mmol/L, 2h post-glucose load glucose <7.8mmol/L and HbA1c <7%.