Pterygium excision combined with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation is a commonly used clinical treatment for pterygium, with better therapeutic effect and relatively low recurrence rate. Currently, the treatment of pterygium is mainly based on surgical treatment, mainly pterygium simple excision, pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation, pterygium excision combined with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation, etc. Compared with the recurrence rate, pterygium excision combined with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation is relatively low. Autologous limbal stem cell transplantation is more effective in restoring the function of the ocular surface, preventing recurrence and protecting the integrity of the corneal epithelium, and overall, pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation has a better efficacy. Patients with pterygium are advised to seek timely hospitalization to evaluate their condition and follow medical advice.