It is generally believed that with the decrease of androgen level and the improvement of immune function, perianal abscess or fistula in infants and children may heal naturally, so local sitz baths and topical ointments can be taken to promote the inflammation to subside, or simple incision and drainage of pus can be performed, but radical surgery should not be performed to prevent muscle damage, anal deformation and anal incontinence. Perianal abscess is a common perianal disease in infants and young children, most common in infants and young children within 6 months of age. Because infants and young children are growing and developing, their pathogenic factors and clinical characteristics are different from those of adults. Infants and young children are prone to perianal abscesses for the following reasons: 1. sex hormone factors: perianal abscesses are mostly related to anal gland infections, the development and function of the anal glands are mainly regulated by human sex hormones, with the change of age, the corresponding changes in sex hormones directly affect the proliferation and atrophy of the anal glands, newborns or infants, there is a time when the level of androgens is high, due to the role of androgens, so that the newborn lipid glands are particularly developed. If there are factors of infection, newborns are prone to perianal abscess. 2, immunological factors: the onset of perianal abscess in infants and young children is also related to the local immune function of the anal canal. 3 months is the weakest period of immune function, due to the immature local immune structure of the anorectal mucosa, the anal fossa is susceptible to infection, after the child is 1 year old, the immune function gradually improves, the onset of disease is significantly reduced. It is generally believed that with the decline of androgen levels and the improvement of immune function, perianal abscesses or fistulas in infants and children have the possibility of natural healing, so local sitz baths and topical ointments can be used to promote inflammation, or simple incision and drainage of pus, but not radical surgery to prevent muscle damage, anal deformation and anal incontinence. Of course, there is also a view that the perianal skin is scratched by diapers or hard stools, or bacteria enter the anal sinus during diarrhea, which can easily lead to perianal infection and perianal abscess. The incidence of perianal abscesses in infants and children has been greatly reduced by instructing new mothers to switch to soft diapers and not to use hard paper to wipe the stool. In addition, perianal abscesses in infants are mostly on both sides and do not communicate with the anus, whereas perianal abscesses in adults are mostly on the posterior side and communicate with the anus. Treatment of pediatric perianal abscesses in infants and children can be treated conservatively or surgically depending on the situation. Those that need surgical treatment should not rely on anti-inflammatory drugs or herbal creams and excessively use conservative treatment to avoid delaying surgery. At the same time, keep the anus clean and dry, and insist on washing the anus after stool every day. It is also important to regulate the diet to prevent diarrhea and constipation, and not to change formula frequently. Special attention should be paid to anal care, that is, keeping the anus clean, hanging for air when sitting, and fumigating the sitz bath with warm water or Chinese medicine solution.