Lumbar spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the lumbar central canal, nerve root canal or lateral saphenous fossa due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the ligamentum flavum, hyperplasia and coalescence of the small joints, bulging and herniated discs, and bony degeneration causing compression of its contents, the cauda equina and nerve roots, and corresponding neurological dysfunction. In clinical practice, lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most common diseases causing low back pain or low back pain. Its main clinical features are neurological intermittent claudication, as well as weakness and discomfort in the buttocks, thighs, and calves, aggravated by walking or posterior extension, and another clinical feature is abnormal sensation in the saddle area (perineum) and abnormal bowel and urinary function. Clinical statistics from Ji Yong of the Department of Orthopedics at Beijing 306 Hospital show that lumbar spinal stenosis occurs most frequently in the lumbar 4 and 5 segments, followed by the lumbar 5 and sacral 1 segments. The lumbar 4 and 5 and lumbar 5 and sacral 1 segments are located at the lowermost part of the spine and bear the greatest pressure, which is the most concentrated part of the stress in the whole body. Clinical manifestations: 1, low back pain: more than 60% of patients with low back pain, compared to the pain caused by disc herniation is often mild, and there is a trend of chronic aggravation, some patients do not move when the pain, but after a few hours of activity to reduce, but if the activity is too long can produce more intense pain. 2, intermittent claudication: this is the most characteristic symptom, walking tens of meters or a hundred meters that the lower limbs soreness, weakness, pain and even numbness, gait instability, it is difficult to continue walking. The symptoms can be relieved or disappear after sitting or squatting to rest, but can be repeated after continuing to walk. Many patients like to lean forward when walking, which is a kind of postural compensation for pain relief. By leaning forward, factors that can aggravate lumbar spinal stenosis such as yellow ligament folding can be avoided, so that the volume of the spinal canal can be relatively increased and the compressed nerves can be temporarily decompressed and the pain can be relieved. Likewise, the patient’s symptoms can be relieved in flexion positions such as going up hills, riding bicycles, and going up stairs, and can be aggravated when going down hills and posterior extension of the spine. 3. Cauda equina syndrome: When stenosis severely compresses the cauda equina nerve, it manifests as numbness and tingling in the perineum, urinary and fecal function and sexual dysfunction, which seriously affects the quality of life and requires early surgical treatment. Comorbidities Lumbar spinal stenosis is often combined with other degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine, mainly including the following: 1. lumbar disc herniation: although severe lumbar herniation can also cause spinal stenosis, it is not classified as lumbar spinal stenosis because it is secondary. 2, lumbar spine slippage. 3, lumbar degenerative scoliosis. 4, cervical lumbar syndrome: According to clinical investigation, cervical lumbar syndrome is not less than 8% of the cases of lumbar spinal stenosis. The clinical characteristics of this disease are both cervical spinal cord compression and simultaneous lumbar nerve root compression, which can be manifested as numbness, pain, weakness, gait instability, and urinary and fecal dysfunction of the extremities. The cervical spine lesions in this disease are mostly in the form of spinal cord type and nerve root type cervical spondylosis, while the lumbar segment lesions are mostly in the form of lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar disc herniation. Often, the symptoms of the heavier segments mask the symptoms of the lighter segments.