① when the child has recurrent GI symptoms, such as: epigastric pain, belching, acid reflux, vomiting and other related GI symptoms; ② when there is already a gastric or duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, etc.; ③ when the child has unexplained iron deficiency anemia, or when the parent’s brother has gastric cancer; ④ or when there is a need to take drugs that damage the stomach for a long time because of certain diseases ( For example, aspirin for Kawasaki disease, ibuprofen for arthritis, etc.). What testing methods are available? Gastroscopic pathology biopsy, rapid urease test with gastroscopy, or urea whistle test with isotope carbon 13 labeling, serological antibody test are the most commonly performed tests. Usually, serological antibodies are not able to distinguish between previous or current infection. In addition to the serological antibody test, some medications, such as proton pump inhibitors for more than 2 weeks and antibiotics and bismuth for more than 4 weeks, need to be stopped before the test, otherwise the accuracy of the test results will be affected. Do you have to take antibiotic medication if you are infected with Hp? We and Hp are not inseparable, so there is no need to panic at the sight of Hp. According to the latest national consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric Hp infection, doctors should only consider starting to deal with Hp in the stomach if the following conditions occur. For example, when there are ulcers in the stomach and duodenum or when there is a diagnosis of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, then Hp must be decapitated. In addition, Hp eradication may also be considered when there is chronic gastritis, unexplained refractory iron deficiency anemia, when there is a plan to take long-term medications that damage the gastric mucosa, or when there is a family history of gastric cancer. In conclusion 1. The prevalence of Hp infection in Chinese is quite high, and most of it originates from childhood infection. 2. Although Hp infection is closely related to the development of peptic ulcer and other diseases, infection is not the same as causing disease. 3. Children with infection or asymptomatic, without infection prevention are only recommended to carry out Hp prevention and suppression by supplementing with Shukla pylori anti-probiotics. 4. Since Hp infection is not equal to disease causing, eradication treatment has specific indications, not all children infected with Hp need to be sterilized.