It is possible to improve sperm quality after varicocele surgery. Varicocele is an abnormal growth and dilatation of the veins in the spermatic cord like a trailing venous plexus. Varicocele can affect fertility and is one of the major causes of male infertility. Varicocele can lead to a decrease in the quality of semen, which may affect the spermatogenic function of the testes through increased local temperature, dilated venous stasis, CO₂ accumulation, and increased concentration of prostaglandins. There will be anastomotic branches between the venous systems of both testes, and the spermatogenic function of the affected testes will affect the spermatogenic function of the healthy testes, leading to a decrease in the quality of male semen, but the quality of spermatozoa can be improved after surgical treatment. At present, varicocele is mainly treated by spermatic vein ligation, and it is recommended that patients seek medical treatment in time and under the guidance of doctors.