Newer hypoglycemic agents include DDP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) inhibitors, SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter protein 2) receptor agonists, and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists. 1. DDP4 inhibitors have a hypoglycemic effect by enhancing insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon secretion in a glucose concentration-dependent manner, and usually do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone. This drug is not suitable for people with complete loss of pancreatic islet function. The main drugs are selegiline, saxagliptin and so on. Adverse effects of this kind of drugs are vomiting, headache, nasopharyngitis, muscle pain, etc. It is forbidden for those who are allergic to this drug. 2. SGLT-2 agonists lower glucose by increasing glucose excretion in urine, and their hypoglycemic effect is blood glucose level-dependent, and usually do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone. The main drugs are dagliflozin, engliflozin, cagliflozin and so on. Adverse effects of this class of drugs are hypovolemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, pyelonephritis, and genital fungal infections. Severe renal insufficiency, dialysis patients, allergy is prohibited. 3. GLP-1 receptor agonists enhance insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion in a glucose concentration-dependent manner, delay gastric emptying, and reduce the amount of food intake through centralized appetite control, thus lowering blood glucose. Since the hypoglycemic effect of GLP-1 is glucose-dependent, it no longer works when the blood glucose concentration is lower than 4~5mmol/L. The main drugs are liraglutide and simethicone. Adverse effects of this class of drugs are constipation, nausea, bloating, dizziness, anorexia and so on. If you need to use hypoglycemic drugs, please under the guidance of a doctor.