When irregular rectal mass is found, enteroscopy and tissue biopsy should be carried out in time. Common rectal masses include benign diseases and malignant tumors, which need to be treated accordingly according to the nature of the lesion. 1. Benign rectal masses: adenomas are more common, for lesions less than 2cm, local excision or endoscopic local excision is often available; if the lesion is large, laparoscopic surgery or open surgery can be chosen for treatment. Postoperative pathologic examination is required to determine the presence of malignant lesions. If so, further anti-tumor treatment is needed. 2. Malignant rectal mass: most of them are rectal cancer, usually radical resection is chosen, and the specific operation mode should be decided according to the tumor condition and the distance of the tumor from the anus, as well as lymph node dissection, which can be complemented with adjuvant treatments such as chemotherapy (e.g. 5-FU, vincristine, etc.) or radiotherapy before and after the operation. The common reasons for the appearance of rectal masses include rectal polyps, rectal cancer, rectal carcinoid tumor, cysts, etc. Therefore, patients should pay attention to regular colonoscopy, and follow the doctor’s instructions for further examination to determine whether the masses are benign or malignant, in order to determine the means of treatment.