The indications for thyroid surgery are mainly benign thyroid tumors or malignant thyroid tumors also known as thyroid cancer. The surgery is performed by unilateral or bilateral thyroidectomy, or even radical thyroid cancer resection combined with lymph node dissection in the neck. The review mainly includes two aspects: first, imaging examination, that is, ultrasound examination of thyroid gland to understand whether there is any possibility of recurrence or metastasis of the tumor. Second, hematological examination of thyroid function. The scope of examination or examination indexes mainly include T3, T4, free T3, T4 and TSH, in order to prevent thyroid function deficiency after thyroidectomy, and to supplement appropriate amount of thyroxine according to hematological T3, T4 and free T3, T4.