Coronary heart disease (coronary atherosclerotic heart disease) is pathologically based on coronary atherosclerosis and is a progressive chronic disease with high morbidity, so coronary heart disease is characterized by a high recurrence rate. Prevention of coronary heart disease includes primary prevention (for people at risk without coronary heart disease) and secondary prevention (for patients who already have coronary heart disease), and preventive measures are necessary for both patients with coronary heart disease and people at high risk of coronary heart disease.
Purpose of secondary prevention
Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease means taking preventive and curative measures for patients who have already had coronary heart disease, with the aim of improving symptoms, reducing death and disability, and preventing recurrence of coronary heart disease.
Measures for secondary prevention
There are two main measures for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, one is to find and control risk factors; the other is reliable and continuous drug therapy.
What to start with for secondary prevention
The prevention of coronary heart disease should be based on a comprehensive approach of diet, exercise, medication and risk factor control, especially for patients with established coronary heart disease.
The “two ABCDEs” and “double effective” of secondary prevention
The prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease should include two ABCDEs, which are used in all stages of the development of coronary heart disease. Only by adhering to secondary prevention can we effectively treat the cause of the disease and effectively reduce recurrence.
Secondary prevention advocates “double effective”, that is, effective drugs, effective dose. It is a taboo for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease to stop eating and stop eating, which is not only ineffective but also more dangerous. There are two “ABCDE” in secondary prevention, one cannot be missing.
The first ABCDE
A: Aspirin
The main purpose of aspirin is to prevent platelet agglutination and release, improve the balance of prostaglandin and thromboxane A2, and prevent the formation of atherosclerosis.
B: Hypertension
The higher the blood pressure, the greater the chance of coronary heart disease or recurrence of coronary heart disease. Effective antihypertensive treatment can prevent the recurrence of cardiovascular disease.
C: High blood fat
On the one hand, high blood fat makes the blood sticky, slow blood flow, and reduces the amount of blood supplied to the brain, on the other hand, it damages the endothelium of blood vessels and forms atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of blood vessels, which directly leads to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
D: Diabetes
More than 80% of diabetes causes abnormal lipid metabolism, often accompanied by atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia complicating cardiovascular disease, and the increased glucose content in the blood also increases blood viscosity and coagulability, which facilitates the formation of coronary heart disease.
E: Rehabilitation education
Through network publicity, free practical reading materials and regular rehabilitation guidance, we strengthen the popularization of knowledge on the prevention of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Actively intervene in risk factors so that patients can patiently accept long-term prevention and treatment measures and actively cooperate with drug therapy.
The second ABCDE
A: Active exercise
Appropriate exercise can increase fat consumption, reduce cholesterol deposition in the body and improve insulin sensitivity, which are beneficial for preventing obesity, controlling weight, increasing circulatory function, adjusting blood lipids and lowering blood pressure, and reducing blood clots, and are active measures to prevent and treat coronary heart disease. It is not advisable to do strenuous exercise, such as fast running, mountain climbing, etc. Aerobic exercises such as jogging, walking, soft gymnastics and tai chi can be performed.
B: Weight control
Maintain or reduce body weight so that BMI is maintained at 18.5-24.9kg/m2 and waist circumference <90cm.
C: Quit smoking and limit alcohol
Cigarettes contain more than 3,000 kinds of harmful substances, and nicotine inhalation in cigarettes can stimulate the plant nerves, make the blood vessels spasm, accelerate the heartbeat, increase blood pressure, and increase blood cholesterol, thus accelerating atherosclerosis.
D: reasonable diet
Food diversity, cereal-based; should eat more coarse grains, nuts, seaweed and other magnesium-rich food; eat more vegetables, bananas, potatoes and more fiber; eat milk, beans or their products every day; often eat an appropriate amount of fish, poultry and eggs, lean meat, less fatty meat, meat skin, hooves and meat dishes; food and physical activity to balance, to maintain the appropriate weight; eat light and less salt, less sugar meals, the amount of salt down to about 6 grams per day.
E: Emotional stability
An optimistic and stable mood, a comfortable and balanced mind is not only an important factor in preventing cardiovascular diseases, but also the key and secret to achieving longevity.