I. Cholesterol (TC, CHO) Reference values: 1, appropriate level: ≤ 5.17mmol/L (200mg/dL) 2, critical range: 5.20 ~ 5.66mmol/L (201-219mg/dL) 3, elevated: ≥ 5.69mmol/L (220mg/dL) Clinical significance: 1, elevated: (1) CHO elevated hazard: easy to cause atherosclerotic heart and cerebrovascular diseases such as: coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke (stroke), etc. (2) CHO elevated diseases: various hyperlipoproteinemia, obstructive jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus, etc. (3) Physiological factors leading to elevated CHO: high-fat diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, and blood concentration. It may be significantly elevated in the last trimester of pregnancy and may recover after delivery. 2.Decrease: CHO decrease can be seen in various lipoprotein deficiency states, liver cirrhosis, malignant tumor, malnutrition absorption, megaloblastic anemia, etc. It can also be lowered during menstruation in women. Second, triglycerides (TG) Reference value: 1, appropriate level: <1.69mmol/L (150mg/dL) 2, critical range: 1.69 ~ 2.25mmol/L (150-200mg/dL) 3, elevated: 2.26 ~ 5.63mmol/L (200-500mg/dL) 4, very high: ≥5.64mmol/L ( 500mg/dL) Clinical significance: 1, elevated: (1) the danger of elevated TG: triglycerides are also a risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease, when it is elevated should also be given dietary control or drug therapy. (2) Common diseases with elevated TG: various hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes mellitus, gout, obstructive jaundice, hypothyroidism, pancreatitis, etc. 2.Decrease: seen in hypolipoproteinemia, malnutrition absorption, hyperthyroidism, also seen in excessive hunger, exercise, etc. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) Reference value: 1, appropriate level: ≥ 1.04mmol/L (40mg/dL) 2, reduced: ≤ 0.91mmol/L (35mg/dL) Clinical significance: HDL-C is considered as "good cholesterol" because it can transport the free cholesterol accumulated in the tissues to the liver. HDL-C is considered as "good cholesterol" because it can transport free cholesterol accumulated in tissues to the liver, reduce cholesterol deposition in tissues, and play an anti-atherosclerotic role. Therefore, individuals with low HDL-C levels have an increased risk of coronary heart disease, while those with high levels are less likely to develop coronary heart disease. IV. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) Reference value: 1. appropriate level: ≤3.10mmol/L (120mgd/L) 2. borderline elevated: 3.13~3.59mmol/L (121~139mg/dL) 3. elevated: ≥3.62mmol/L (140mg/dL) Clinical significance: 1. It is one of the important risk factors for the occurrence of atherosclerosis, and is used to determine whether there is a risk of coronary heart disease, and is also the primary indicator for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia. 2.Elevation: It can be seen in hereditary hyperlipoproteinemia, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, obstructive jaundice, chronic renal failure, Cushing syndrome, etc. 3.Decrease: seen in non-beta-lipoproteinemia, hyperthyroidism, digestive malabsorption, liver cirrhosis, malignant tumor, etc. V. Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] 1. Reference value: 10-140 mmol/L (0-300 mg/L) 2. Pathological elevation: ≥300 mg/L Clinical significance: elevated Lp(a) increases the risk of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis, and its increased concentration is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. VI. apolipoprotein AⅠ (apoAⅠ) Reference value: 1.20~1.60g/L Clinical significance: In general, apoAⅠ can represent HDL level and is significantly positively correlated with HDL-C. People with lower than 1.20g/L have a tendency to develop coronary heart disease than those with higher than 1.60g/L. VII. apolipoprotein B (apoB) Reference value: 0.80~1.20g/L Clinical significance: apoB mainly represents LDL level and is significantly positively correlated with LDL-C. elevated apoB is a risk factor for coronary heart disease, higher than 1.20g/L has a tendency to develop coronary heart disease than less than 1.00g/L. lowering apoB can reduce the onset of coronary heart disease and promote the regression of atheromatous plaque. .