Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a polygenic-related disease that manifests as a complex genetic pattern and is currently difficult to eradicate. Due to the highly heterogeneous clinical presentation of PCOS patients with different age and treatment needs, clinical management is based on the patient’s complaints, treatment needs, and metabolic changes, so that individualized symptomatic treatment measures have been taken to alleviate clinical symptoms, meet fertility needs, maintain health and improve quality of life. The main treatment principles for polycystic ovary syndrome are to adjust the menstrual cycle and try to prevent the development of distant complications. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, whether or not they have fertility requirements, should first undergo lifestyle modification, mainly through diet control, exercise, and smoking and alcohol cessation. In obese patients, reducing 5% or more of body weight through a low-calorie diet and energy-consuming exercise may change or reduce symptoms such as menstrual disorders, hirsutism and acne and facilitate the treatment of infertility. Reducing body weight to the normal range may improve insulin resistance and stop the long-term development of polycystic ovary syndrome with adverse consequences such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease and other metabolic syndromes. Improving insulin resistance, correcting metabolic abnormalities such as hyperandrogenemia and dyslipidemia, correctly and effectively adjusting the menstrual cycle and standardizing the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia on the basis of weight control and lifestyle modification are key strategies to prevent the long-term complications of polycystic ovary syndrome. After treatment of menstrual cycle adjustment, obesity and insulin resistance, some patients can resume ovulation or conceive successfully, but many patients still cannot ovulate spontaneously and need ovulation-promoting treatment. In recent years, for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who have fertility requirements combined with other indications for in vitro fertilization, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer is also an effective treatment option.