The risk of coronary artery disease surgery is related to the severity of the disease, the more complex the lesion, the greater the risk of surgery, combined with the patient’s age, the severity of the coronary artery, etc. by a professional doctor to assess the condition. Surgery for coronary artery disease includes interventional therapy and bypass grafting. Interventional therapy is a minimally invasive treatment that is less invasive and has a relatively low risk for patients with simple lesions, but the risk of surgery increases significantly if the lesion is a left main stem lesion or a diffuse lesion in the coronary artery. Coronary artery bypass grafting is an open-heart surgery, which is more traumatic, and most bypass patients have diffuse coronary artery lesions, so the intraoperative risk is relatively high. Surgical risk is also related to the specific surgical operation. Some patients have the simplest lesions, but intraoperative complications such as entrapment and slow blood flow may occur, which may lead to exacerbation of the condition and even risk of sudden death. The risk of coronary artery disease surgery cannot be directly assessed, and there are many intraoperative uncertainties. It is important to make a good pre-assessment before surgery and to develop various plans to avoid serious complications.