Extraction is one of the most common treatments in dentistry for dental diseases. For teeth that cannot be retained through other treatments or become a threat to oral health, extraction of diseased teeth is an effective treatment. So, is it necessary to take antibiotics after tooth extraction? In clinical work, we are often asked by patients and friends: “Do I need to take anti-inflammatory drugs after tooth extraction?” The question is: “Do I need to take anti-inflammatory drugs after tooth extraction?”, “Doctor, why didn’t you prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs?”. Many people think that tooth extraction is an invasive procedure. Many people think that tooth extraction is an invasive operation and antibiotics are used to prevent “inflammation” (or infection to be exact), and using antibiotics is like buying an insurance policy, which will give you much peace of mind. In China, there are many doctors who may prescribe antibiotics to patients who have had their teeth extracted in order to avoid trouble. In clinical work, we have indeed encountered many cases of infection after tooth extraction, resulting in injury to both people and money. However, this does not justify the need for medication for all tooth extractions. So is it better to use antibiotics after tooth extraction or not? In fact, in the vast majority of cases, the use of antibiotics after tooth extraction is unnecessary and is one of the phenomena of antibiotic abuse that can do more harm than good. It is understood that in many western countries, especially those with developed evidence-based medicine, after a lot of clinical and experimental research, antibiotics are not needed after tooth extraction. The use of antibiotics can be divided into two main categories: prophylactic and therapeutic use. The purpose of both is to prevent infection and to treat infection, respectively. The main purpose of antibiotics after tooth extraction is to prevent infection. The main culprit of infection is disease-causing bacteria. When the body’s natural barriers (skin and mucous membranes) are broken, disease-causing bacteria can take advantage of the situation and may make a person sick.