Cryptorchidism is the failure of the testicles to descend from the lumbar retroperitoneum to the scrotum according to the normal developmental process. Determining the most appropriate age for surgical treatment of cryptorchidism is a process that has been gradually refined through exploration. The earliest known surgical procedure for cryptorchidism was published by RoSenmerker in 1820. At that time, scholars believed that it was not too late to perform surgery before the age of 10 years. However, later on, the comparative study of the internal ultrastructure of cryptorchidism by electron microscopy gave an incorrect decision, and in 1981, scholars in China and abroad basically reached a consensus that the ultrastructural changes in the varicocele of the testis of children with cryptorchidism began to appear at the age of 2 weeks after birth, and the degeneration of mitochondria could be seen, which was more obvious in the third year, therefore, it was considered that the timing of surgery should be before the age of 2 years. For more than ten years afterwards, domestic scholars basically followed this standard. Until the early 1990s, there were textbooks that advanced the timing of surgery by another year and amended it to one week of age. (Consult the 2nd or 3rd edition of Pediatric Surgery) It is believed that cryptorchidism can have irreversible pathological changes at the age of 2 years. Therefore, it is no longer appropriate to delay the age of surgery to 2 weeks of age. Later, as early as 1999, we read in the Chinese Medical Tribune that the American Urological Association had already recommended an earlier age of surgery than 6 months after birth, and further studies showed that critical changes in the germ cells of the varicocele begin after 6 months of life, directly affecting the ability to produce sperm in adulthood. The same began to be published in the literature, e.g., Atlas of Pediatric Surgery (Shandong Science and Technology Press, ed. Ireland P. Puri et al. 1999): “The key to germ cell maturation after birth is the second 6 months, and therefore testicular fixation is now recommended at 6 months of age”. Another example is the famous urological monograph Campbell-Walsh Urology, 9th edition (Peking University Medical Press Alan J. Wein et al. 2009): “Decisive treatment of undescended cryptorchidism should be completed between 6 and 12 months after birth, usually the spontaneous descent of the testis is completed within 3 months of birth and since then it is difficult to descend spontaneously, in order to theoretically prevent 1 Cryptorchidism must be treated early in order to theoretically prevent various complications that occur before the age of 1 year.” The latest edition of the U.S. Guidelines for the Treatment of Cryptorchidism (April 2014) clearly describes that cryptorchidism surgery should be performed between 6 and 18 months after birth. Authoritative domestic treatises also have a clear view of the same, as described in Practical Neonatal Surgery (People’s Health Press, edited by Zheng Shan , 2013): …the recommended age for cryptorchid fixation has changed, reflecting the accumulation of knowledge of infant testicular function. In foreign units, cryptorchid surgery is usually performed after 6 months of age, provided anesthesia is appropriate. A review at 12 weeks after birth must clarify whether the cryptorchid is persistent in order to schedule surgery. Recent prospective studies have shown that surgery before 1 year of age leads to better testicular growth and development than in children whose surgery is delayed until 3 years of age. However, the concept of updating our teaching materials is slow, and the content of the teaching materials is published in a more transmission style, which has a sharp contrast with the rhythm of five-year updates in developed countries. This is in line with the completely different surgical treatments currently used among hospitals in the country – advanced hospitals have been internationally connected and minimally invasive for more than a decade, while many still linger on the traditional open incision, using large incisions for their patients! As a result, there are still some books and journals that are documented according to the content of more than a decade ago. For example, the fifth edition of Pediatric Surgery (People’s Health Publishing House 2014): if the testis has not descended by 6 months after birth, the chances of self-descension have been minimal. Testicular fixation surgery should be performed if hormonal treatment is ineffective and if the age of consultation is more than 1 year. Cryptorchidism treatment must be completed before 2 years of age. To sum up, with the development of medicine, advanced concepts at home and abroad have clarified that the best age for cryptorchidism surgery should start at 6 months after birth, and the American medical guidelines have clarified this view nearly 20 years ago.