Which option is best – colorectal cancer liver metastases: options and rationale

  According to the existing conditions of our hospital, the following five regimens can be arranged for this patient: I. Systemic chemotherapy (or plus monoclonal antibodies) From the patient’s liver condition, the condition of complete resection of the tumor is not available, so the use of systemic chemotherapy is a desirable regimen, which also meets the requirements of NCCN guidelines. The results of available clinical trials have shown that the efficiency of chemotherapy ranges from 30-60%, which can be further improved if bevacizumab or cetuximab is added, and the median survival of systemic drug therapy is about 20 months, with a median survival of 30 months in individual clinical trials. Overall, this regimen meets the requirements of standardized treatment, but is not aggressive enough in terms of how to further improve the median survival and further improve the local control rate of liver tumors.  Second, primary colon resection and systemic chemotherapy (or addition of monoclonal antibodies) The patient had no manifestations such as blood in stool and incomplete bowel obstruction, and was in good general condition. According to NCCN guidelines, primary resection is not advocated when there is no risk of bleeding and obstruction, if the metastases cannot be resected. In addition, some experiments have shown that the growth of liver metastases may be accelerated after resection of the primary site.  Third, systemic chemotherapy (or add monoclonal antibodies) with hepatic artery chemotherapy infusion, and when the liver metastases shrink significantly and the conditions for complete surgical resection are available, surgical resection of the primary foci and liver metastases (liver metastases can also be treated with ablation therapy) This program simultaneously administers systemic and local drugs, which takes into account the treatment of liver metastases while providing comprehensive control of tumor. an active and effective way to further improve survival. Clinical data show that the 5-year median survival rate of colorectal cancer patients with radical resection of liver metastases is 22-58%. The toxic side effects of dual pathway therapy are fully tolerable only if the appropriate regimen is chosen, such as XELOX regimen of systemic chemotherapy plus 5-Fu hepatic artery infusion, which is well tolerated by patients because of the light myelosuppressive effect of Hirona, the first-pass effect of 5-Fu through the liver, low systemic drug concentration and low toxic side effects. Local administration in the hepatic artery can increase the local drug concentration in the tumor by 20 to 40 times. In vitro tests have shown that a 1-fold increase in drug concentration increases the antitumor effect by 10 times, and the in vivo situation is more complicated, but the improved efficacy is certain. From the historical comparison of some clinical data, the efficacy of hepatic artery administration can be 10 times higher than that of systemic administration.  Fourth, systemic chemotherapy (or addition of monoclonal antibodies) plus embolization of the right branch of the portal vein plus ablation of the lesion in the left lobe of the liver, and resection of the primary foci and the right half of the liver when the compensatory enlargement of the left lobe of the liver exceeds 30% of the normal liver volume If the above scheme can shrink the tumor to the extent of resectability, this scheme can be used. After embolization, the normal liver tissue in the right lobe of the liver will gradually necrosis and cause compensatory hyperplasia of the normal liver tissue in the left lobe of the liver, and when the normal left lobe of the liver hyperplasia reaches 30% of the normal liver volume, the large part of the right lobe of the liver will be removed together with the tumor. Through this protocol, it is also possible to achieve complete resection of liver metastases.  Although there is no evidence that this complete necrosis is equivalent to R0 resection in surgery, and it remains to be seen whether it can help to prolong survival, it is still a positive treatment for liver metastases. Although there is no evidence that this complete necrosis is equivalent to surgical R0 resection, and it remains to be seen whether it can help prolong survival, it is an aggressive treatment for liver metastases with few complications and mild toxic side effects without affecting systemic drug therapy.  The patient is currently undergoing a third regimen of treatment.  The first review: after 2 cycles of XELOX regimen chemotherapy and hepatic artery 5-FU perfusion, the CT was reviewed, and the results showed that the liver lesion was significantly smaller than before, but still did not reach the standard that the tumor could be completely removed by ablative therapy or surgical treatment, and the same regimen should be continued, but the patient developed incomplete intestinal obstruction, and the third cycle of chemotherapy was given only platinum oxalate peripheral intravenous drip plus hepatic artery 5-FU perfusion. The patient was transferred to surgery for surgical resection of the primary intestinal tract. (CT films after 2 cycles of chemotherapy are as follows) (to be continued)