Testicular nucleoprotein midline carcinoma is a rare malignant epithelial tumor that can occur in multiple sites throughout the body, with a prevalence in the midline structures of the head and neck with the mediastinum. The tumor is highly malignant, aggressive and has a very poor prognosis. Midline carcinoma can occur at any age, and the common age of onset is children and young people. The common site of disease in patients with midline carcinoma is the midline organs of the body above the diaphragm. Most of the midline cancers are low-differentiated cancers or undifferentiated cancers. Since the cancer cells are highly invasive, the patients are usually found at advanced stage when they go to the doctor, and they are generally insensitive to the current treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies, so the patients’ prognosis is poor and the survival time is short. The overall course of midline cancer develops rapidly, and there is no targeted and effective treatment plan at present, so the overall treatment effect of patients is poor.