On October 17, 2017, Qianjiang Evening News published a report with the eye-catching title: daughter’s IQ 130 but bad grades, parents took her to the hospital after a shock! The story is about a third-grade elementary school student, quieter than her peers, no noise, no trouble, home to do homework, and sometimes read the history books of interest, and in the history of the performance of the “talent” is evident to all around, but why the results can not be raised. Her parents once suspected that she had an IQ problem, so they went to the hospital for a test, and her IQ quotient was measured at 130, a result that shocked everyone, a full 30 points higher than the average, which is an excellent level. Since it was not an IQ problem, what was preventing her from progressing? Finally, a series of professional tests such as attention, vision and hearing integration revealed that the child had ADHD. I. What is ADHD ADHD is a common childhood psychological disorder, also known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is mainly characterized by inattention and short attention span, hyperactivity and impulsivity that are incompatible with age and developmental level, often accompanied by learning difficulties, conduct disorder and maladjustment. Domestic and international surveys have found a prevalence of 3% to 7%, more in boys than in girls. ADHD affects children significantly, and while most children improve in adulthood, a small percentage continue to have symptoms in adulthood. These symptoms can affect their schooling, physical and mental health, as well as their interpersonal skills and family life in adulthood. The earlier ADHD is detected, the sooner it can be treated. The causes and timing of ADHD are not yet clear, but are usually thought to be the result of multiple factors interacting with each other. These include genetic factors, neurotransmitter physiological conditions, environmental and social factors, and family relationships. Genetic factors and neurotransmitter physiology can lead to ADHD if the brain is deprived of oxygen at birth. In addition, malnutrition during fetal life, a history of mental illness in the immediate family, and imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain may affect the prevalence of ADHD in children. 2, environmental and social factors This mainly refers to external factors, such as the mother’s alcohol or tobacco addiction during pregnancy, premature birth, caesarean section, childhood brain virus infection, head injury, malnutrition, epilepsy, etc. may affect the prevalence of the disease. 3. Family relationships For example, family breakdown when the child is young, inappropriate parenting style, parental personality problems, inappropriate schooling methods, etc. may affect the prevalence rate. How to identify ADHD The onset of ADHD usually starts after six months and before the age of six. Parents and doctors can refer to the following aspects in identifying and diagnosing whether a child has ADHD: 1. attention deficit Firstly, look at the child’s clinical presentation to see if there are obvious, age-inappropriate attention difficulties and short attention spans, accompanied by excessive, unnecessary movements and words. 2, impulsivity Secondly, many children will also be accompanied by impulsivity and do things without considering the consequences. This can be seen in the following ways: they are prone to conflict, often interrupt others, hit others, run and jump around, and fail to line up patiently, and other things they cannot do patiently. 3. Learning difficulties and time-consuming homework Most children with attention deficits are also accompanied by learning difficulties, resulting in poor academic performance and grades below the academic level that their intelligence should reach. For example, the child mentioned at the beginning has a higher than normal IQ of 130, but her grades are still very poor. In addition, the homework that others can complete in one hour, she usually takes twice as long or more. 4, too quiet Attention deficit is not always like what we often think, talk a lot, a lot of small movements. Some children who are usually too quiet may also be small sufferers of ADHD, which is usually difficult to detect. 5, classroom wandering classroom can not listen carefully, short attention span, and often run away. Parents communicate more with the teacher, you can know the child in the classroom. 6, uncoordinated movements, left and right difficult to distinguish Children with ADHD often have some fine motor problems, such as uncoordinated movements, poor spatial sense, even if they are allowed to do the movement of the right fingers, tying shoelaces, buttoning and other movements will have some problems, some children will also have difficulty in discrimination, and some may also have errors in language expression. Fourth, identify with two diseases According to clinical experience, children with ADHD need to be identified with the following two diseases. 1, mental retardation If the child is a series of symptoms such as learning difficulties caused by a significantly low IQ, we will first consider mental retardation, not ADHD. Some children may have aggressive behavior, or lie, truancy, run away from home, arson and other social rule breaking behaviors, which we would first consider as conduct disorder, not ADHD. ADHD was usually neglected in the past, so many children were not treated in a timely manner, but in recent years, the situation has become over-treated. Some parents are more concerned about their child’s problems and catch the wind, suspecting ADHD when they see their child moving around. In fact, children of this age have their own characteristics, although they already have a certain attention span, but also easy to be attracted to other things attention, this is because the child has not yet developed good habits. Therefore, when the child appears unable to follow the rules, can not sit, attention is not focused, parents do not rush to define the child, but try to exercise the child to better comply with the rules, can sit longer, more focused. Five, how the child has ADHD, how to do? 1, medication ADHD can be medication, take medication can short-term relief of some of the symptoms, drugs can help to some extent to improve the child’s attention deficit, reduce impulsivity and behavior problems, improve the corresponding academic performance, improve the relationship with family members. Commonly used medications include central stimulants and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. However, instead of using medication, psychotherapy approaches should also be considered so that the child’s medication use can be reduced. So that the child will not have too much dizziness, dizziness, vomiting, loss of appetite, sluggishness and other side effects of the medication in the course of treatment. The psychological treatment of ADHD mainly uses cognitive behavioral therapy and behavior modification methods. Cognitive-behavioral therapy mainly addresses the impulsivity of children and makes them recognize their inappropriate behaviors so as to reduce aggression. Behavior modification refers to the application of the principle of conditioned reflexes to reinforce the child’s behavior. Positive reinforcement is generally used to replace inappropriate behaviors with effective ones, resulting in improvement of symptoms. Clinicians in the front line can master primary cognitive-behavioral therapy and behavior modification training methods through psychotherapy training, which is sufficient to deal with general problems. Management and Education Doctors should instruct parents and teachers to manage and educate children in a targeted manner, treating them with patience and understanding, and not with physical punishment or excessive criticism or other rough behavior. Encouragement and motivation should be used to boost the child’s self-confidence, provide psychological support and companionship, and bring the child out of ADHD in the right and positive way.