The mechanism of aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma may be related to the inactivation of the oncogene P53 by point mutation. Aflatoxin is a chemical carcinogen, which is widely found in moldy food, and moldy grains, corn and peanuts contain the most. There are many types of aflatoxins, among which aflatoxin B1 is the most carcinogenic. Aflatoxin B1 is a heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is metabolized to epoxide in the liver, and it can make the tumor oncogene p53 inactive by point mutation, affecting the function of P53, so aflatoxin can lead to the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, hepatitis B virus infection can cause chronic damage to hepatocytes, which may provide certain conditions for the carcinogenic effect of aflatoxin B1. The synergistic effect of aflatoxin B1 and hepatitis B virus infection may be an important carcinogenic factor in the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in China. It is important to develop good dietary habits and avoid foods contaminated with aflatoxin.