Unlike traditional minimally invasive surgery, the microscopic transforaminal technique is suitable for almost all types of herniated discs and can directly remove the herniated nucleus pulposus tissue without destroying the lumbar spine’s posterior structures, which can be done under local anesthesia. At present, only a few hospitals in China carry out this technique, and the effect is similar to that of traditional open surgery. It mainly has the following main advantages: the patient can be local anesthesia (can also be general anesthesia). Surgery can be done when the patient is fully awake. The patient’s reaction can be detected at any time during the operation. The surgical site is reached through a very small percutaneous incision, minimizing the risk of infection during and after surgery. Unlike other surgical techniques, the foraminal approach does not require partial removal of the supraspinous ligament, the vertebral plate and spinous process, the intervertebral ligament (ligamentum flavum), or the intervertebral joints (conotruncus laminectomy). There is also no need for increased postoperative stability through metal immobilizers, which reduces wound healing pain. Less bone tissue is harmed, reducing blood leakage and scar formation in the nerve root area. Recovery from surgery is quick, allowing patients to return to work and ensure a high quality of life as soon as possible. Usually you can get out of bed with a girdle in 2-3 days after surgery. The cost of this surgery is lower than conventional surgery. Surgical Methods and Steps 1. Before surgery, the surgical site and side are determined by X-rays and markers. 2. Surgery reveals the corresponding intervertebral foramen. 3. Fine grinding drill grinds the small articular eminence and enlarges the intervertebral foramen. 4. The protruding nucleus pulposus tissues are removed under the direct vision of the microscope. It can discover and protect the nerve root, protect the epidural and perineural venous system, prevent venous stagnation and chronic neuroedema. In addition, it can reduce perineural and epidural scar formation. It does not damage the dural and nerve ligament structures and reduces the occurrence of nerve root tethering. Minimize injury to paravertebral muscles and loss of innervation. Patients with herniated discs selected for minimally invasive surgery must exhibit signs and symptoms of nerve root compression and must meet the following criteria: 1. Persistent or recurrent radicular pain. 2. 2. Radicular pain is more severe than low back pain. If the symptoms of low back pain is greater than leg pain of patients with less than moderate bulging can first do low temperature plasma myeloplasty. 3.Ineffective after strict conservative treatment. Including the use of steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers, physical therapy, homework or conditional training procedures, it is recommended that at least 4-6 weeks of conservative treatment, but if there is a progressive aggravation of nerve injury symptoms, then immediate surgery is required. 4, No history of substance abuse or mental illness. 5, Positive straight leg raise test and difficulty in bending. 6, In order to accurately determine the location and nature of the protruding or prolapsed nucleus pulposus, as well as the condition of the intervertebral foraminal osteophytes, a thorough imaging examination is required prior to surgery, especially CT and MRI which are important tools for accurately determining the size, location and nature of the nucleus pulposus.