1, if the knee joint up and down the stairs pain can be in the lumbar two, three to find the cause; 2, if the lumbar pain directly look for lumbar three, four; 3, if the outer side of the leg pain check lumbar four, five; 4, if the back side of the leg pain look for lumbar five and sacral one; 5, if the aggravation of the rest, after the activities of the relief look for the discs; after the rest of the reduction of the aggravation of the activities to look for the stenosis of the spinal canal; 6, if the abnormalities of the urination and defecation, that is, the hip joint may be impaired, 7, if the Restriction of inner thigh look for sacroiliac. 8, one side pain for lumbar protrusion. 9, both sides of the pain for spinal stenosis. 10, three points of pain for bulging, hernia. 11, the middle pain for injury tendon. 12, more than three years can be calcified hyperplasia. 13, backward bulge for posterior protrusion. 14, spinal collapse for anterior protrusion, and then slip. 15, two sections of one side pain for twisting. 16.Crossing pain is rotation. 17, 3 section one side pain for rheumatism. 18, 4, 5 side pain for kidney deficiency. 19, 5, 1 side pain for rheumatism. 20, muscle stiffness (morning stiffness), lumbar spine activity is limited for spinal ankylosis. Lumbar disc herniation causes as shown in the figure: mainly the degenerative changes in the disc itself, such as trauma, chronic strain injury, as well as cold and damp and other factors, and make the lumbar disc fibrous ring rupture, so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes. Clinical manifestations of herniated discs in different parts of the body: according to the pressure and pain points, areas of decreased sensation in the lower limbs, reflexes, X-rays, and spinal angiography and CT, etc., to be clearly localized. Lumbar 3-lumbar 4 disc herniation (pressing on lumbar 4 nerve) Pain in the lumbar region, one side of the buttock, posterior lateral thigh, radiating to the front of the thigh and anterior medial calf; numbness in the anterior medial calf; weakening or loss of knee reflexes; pressure and pain points in the intervertebral space next to the spinous process of the lumbar 3 vertebrae; weakness of the knee joint extension; lumbar 4-lumbar 5 disc herniation (compression of the lumbar 5 nerve) Pain in the sacroiliac joints, the iliac joints, and the posterior lateral thigh and the calf. and radiates to the anterolateral calf, dorsum of the foot and bunions. Numbness of the dorsum of the foot on the lateral side of the calf, including the bunion; diminished dorsiflexion of the bunion; Achilles tendon reflex may be unchanged or diminished; pressure points next to the spinous process of lumbar 4; lumbar 5-sacral 1 disc herniation (compression of sacral 1 nerve): pain in the buttocks on the lumbosacral side of the joints, thighs and posterior lateral side of the lower legs, and feet; numbness of the lateral side of the lower leg, including the third toe on the lateral side; reduced plantarflexion of the foot and bunions; weakness or atrophy of triceps muscles of the lower leg; decreased or absent Achilles tendon reflexes. or disappearance; obvious pressure points next to the spinous process of lumbar 5; lumbar 2-3 disc herniation with sensory numbness or sensitization in the buttocks and lateral thighs, weak quadriceps muscles, and weakened knee reflexes. Central type lumbar disc herniation: when the large piece of intervertebral disc tissue protrudes to the center, it is often manifested as lumbar and two lower limbs are painful, and there are numbness and weakness of two lower limbs, and in the severe case, the inability to walk is like paraplegia, the sensation of the perineum disappears, urinary and defecatory dysfunction, testicular reflexes, anal reflex disappeared, etc., such as after doing the surgery, there can be mild or severe sexual dysfunction. Lumbar disc herniation can be accompanied by lumbar spinal stenosis, but lumbar spinal stenosis can be without lumbar disc herniation. Identification method: Intermittent claudication: that is, due to walking caused by the corresponding vertebral segment ischemic transcranial radiculitis, and the lower limbs claudication, pain and numbness and other symptoms. The pain disappears after squatting and resting for a few moments. That is to walk again, after another attack, and then rest, so called “intermittent claudication”; lumbar intervertebral disc herniation combined with spinal stenosis can occur at the same time. Although a similar phenomenon sometimes occurs in simple disc herniation, it is slightly relieved after resting and hardly disappears completely. Patients with spinal stenosis often have a lot of complaints, and on physical examination the root deficiency disappears or, in some cases, there are no positive findings due to rest while waiting for the doctor. It is significantly different from the persistent radiculopathy off and human interaction that occurs in lumbar disc herniation. Limited lumbar posterior extension, but can be forward flexion: due to the posterior extension makes the lumbar vertebral spinal canal effective spacing more reduced, and aggravate the symptoms and cause pain. Therefore, the patient is limited in lumbar extension and prefers a forward flexion position that increases the volume of the spinal canal. For this reason, patients may experience “cycling for miles and walking for 100 meters”. It is obviously different from herniated disc. The sciatic nerve is a combination of five nerve roots: lumbar 4, lumbar 5, sacral 1 and sacral 3. As long as the sciatic nerve is stretched, all five nerve roots are also stretched. If there is any protrusion in front of the nerve root, even a slight contact, the stretched nerve root will be compressed from the front, causing sciatica. The straight leg raise test is important in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. 90% of patients with herniated discs have a positive test. In a normal human body, the intervertebral discs receive pressure from the weight of the body while standing and moving. The lumbar region is the most active part of the body and is subject to a lot of pressure and wear and tear. Degeneration of the intervertebral space begins to occur around the age of 30. If the rate of degenerative changes in the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus is consistent, there is mostly narrowing of the gap and generalized bulging of the annulus fibrosus. According to this balanced and consistent degeneration, the cartilage plate also ossifies, and the vertebral joints tend to be stabilized. Except for a slight shortening of the entire spine and limitation of lumbar activities, no low back pain is produced. However, if the two degenerative changes are unbalanced, such as early and obvious changes in the annulus fibrosus, its toughness decreases, the pressure of the nucleus pulposus remains unchanged, the elasticity is still good, even if there is no obvious trauma, which can also lead to the rupture of the annulus fibrosus. Even in the absence of obvious trauma, the annulus can rupture if it is subjected to greater rotation or torsion, and the annulus can fracture posteriorly and laterally in an annular or radial fashion. Ring rupture is mostly located in the peripheral part of the disc, which can cause acute low back pain clinically. Radial rupture will cause the nucleus pulposus to expand outward to the edge of the disc, but the outer layer of the annulus fibrosus can remain intact. At this time, the nucleus pulposus is squeezed into the fissure under greater pressure, and later the lumbar activities and exertion, the nucleus pulposus gradually protrudes outward, compressing the root and causing sciatica. External wind, cold, humidity and other factors can make the lumbar muscles tense or spasm, increase the pressure on the intervertebral disc, increase the damage to the annulus fibrosus, resulting in the nucleus pulposus bulging or protruding. At the same time, cold factors can make the local small blood vessel contraction, affecting the local blood circulation, affecting the nutrition of the intervertebral disc, also leading to medullary bulging or herniation. Clinically, there are also often some patients, due to prolonged sitting and lying on the wet ground occurred lumbar disc herniation. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment, we should emphasize the lumbar warmth, free from cold.