There is a genetic predisposition to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. However, it is a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs as a result of the interaction of genetic and immunologic factors. Although the cause of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has not been fully clarified, relevant studies have shown that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has a certain genetic predisposition and belongs to polygenic hereditary disease, in which human leukocyte antigen is the susceptibility gene, which has a greater impact on this disease. However, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is not solely caused by genetic factors. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is also a common chronic autoimmune thyroid disease, so it is usually considered to be the result of the interaction of genetic, immune, and environmental factors, such as pathogenic microbial infections, iodine-containing drugs or foods, iodine deficiency, and environmental radiation. Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis need to be followed up regularly, have their thyroid function rechecked on time, and actively cooperate with their doctors as early as possible for treatment, and generally have a good prognosis.