Seborrheic dermatitis is a recurrent, chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs in areas rich in sebaceous glands. Although the name of the disease is seborrheic dermatitis, it is not always associated with excessive sebum production (i.e., “seborrhea”), nor is the sebaceous gland always the primary organ involved. Let’s look at the etiology: The cause of this disease is not fully understood. The development of seborrheic dermatitis may be related to the effects of seborrhea, microorganisms, neurotransmitter abnormalities, physical and climatic factors, nutritional deficiencies, and medications. In recent years, the relationship between oval Sporotrichia furfuracea and seborrheic dermatitis has gained attention and is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, psychological factors, dietary habits, B-vitamin deficiency and alcoholism may also have an influence on the development of the disease. Pervasive and persistent seborrheic dermatitis is more common and severe in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected than in uninfected individuals, especially in those with CD4+ cell counts below 400/mm.5,6 Highly effective antiretroviral therapy has the potential to alleviate the disease. Blacks of African descent rarely develop this skin disorder and HIV infection should be considered if the disease occurs. Associations of seborrheic dermatitis with several disorders have been reported, including psychostimulant-induced Parkinson’s syndrome, familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy, and trisomy 21, but these associations have not been adequately confirmed. The etiology of seborrheic dermatitis is not fully understood. It is possible that a functioning sebaceous gland is a prerequisite, as seborrheic dermatitis most often occurs during active sebum production (e.g., neonatal period) and in sebum-producing skin areas. There is no clear genetic susceptibility. 1, Diet too fatty and greasy, high sugar, high fat, alcohol consumption, spicy and greasy food, endocrine dysfunction, digestive malfunction. 2, acne. Adolescent acne or adult acne (toxic acne) is not timely eradication, or improper treatment, can cause seborrheic dermatitis. 3, improper care, abuse of skin care products, excessive cleaning and other damage to the skin barrier resulting in water and oil imbalance. The PH value of healthy skin surface is about 5.2-5.5, which is not conducive to bacterial growth. Because of the attack of chemical substances (cosmetics, skin care products, perms and dyes), sebum secretion increase and chemical composition change, thus reducing the effect of inhibiting bacteria, so that the normal flora existing on the skin surface such as staphylococcus, Malassezia furfur and streptococcus, etc., multiply and invade the skin and cause disease. 4, treatment and medication improper factors: now a lot of treatment and medication improper is another cause of seborrheic dermatitis, in the case of not knowing their own condition, no medication under the guidance of a doctor or use some of the wrong medication, often makes its counter, seborrheic dermatitis treatment is multifaceted, because each person’s symptoms are different, so the method of treatment is different, but for this aspect of the The actual fact is that the actual actual fact is that the particular person is not a lot more than a few! The common drugs such as dermatitis and other hormonal drugs should not be abused. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot more than just a few of the most popular and most popular items! The frequent use of some cosmetics that stimulate the skin is also an important cause. 5, metabolic disorders, genetic factors, vitamin B deficiency as well as physical and chemical stimulation, very often scratching or using alkaline detergents, etc. can aggravate the onset of seborrheic dermatitis. 6, mental tension, overexertion, bacterial infection. On the basis of excessive seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis can be secondary to fungal (oval furfur spores) and bacterial (Propionibacterium acnes) infections, complicating acne symptoms; it can also be secondary to allergic reactions to fungi and bacteria, and autoimmune reactions can also be secondary to the occurrence of eczema-like lesions and disseminated seborrheic dermatitis. Some people report that mental stress can trigger seborrheic dermatitis, but there is no control information yet. 7, related to endocrine disorders, as a result of androgen hypersecretion. In addition to this, such as female menstrual syndrome, etc. The relationship with sunlight. Patients with seborrheic dermatitis often report improvement of symptoms after exposure to sunlight. However, an increased prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis has been reported in mountain guides with long-term occupational high levels of exposure to solar UV radiation. Patients with psoriasis treated with psoralen plus UV-A are also at risk of developing facial seborrheic dermatitis, which may be prevented by adopting the practice of wearing a face mask during exposure. In conclusion, the etiology of the disease is unknown and may be related to immune, genetic, hormonal, neurological and environmental factors. Clinical manifestations: It is common in young people and adult patients with a high sebaceous gland secretion, and occurs in areas with a rich distribution of sebaceous glands. The damage tends to be brown or yellowish-red patches with clear borders and greasy scales or crusts. The clinical manifestations differ depending on the location and severity of the damage: 1. Typical lesions are dark yellow-red patches, patches or macules with clear edges, covered with greasy scales or scabs. The clinical manifestations vary slightly depending on the location of the lesion; 2. The rash is usually found on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, nose and sides, behind the ears, neck, forehead and upper back in the interscapular area, axilla, groin, umbilicus and other areas rich in sebaceous glands; 3. The skin lesions are mostly on the scalp, forehead, between the eyebrows and cheeks, and are overflowing red patches with yellow scabs; 5. Adults generally have seborrheic dermatitis: oily or dry or mixed, itchy. Flaking and other skin surface symptoms performance, erythema is more obvious. Depending on the location of different performance: 1, scalp: the beginning of a large gray-white chaffy or greasy scaly patches, and then gradually expand and fuse into large patches with clear boundaries, severe cases of the whole scalp are covered with greasy odor and thick crust and can be accompanied by seborrheic alopecia. 2, face, ears, behind the ears and neck: often spread from the scalp, as yellow-red or greasy scaly patches. 3, beard: there are two types, one is the hair follicle mouth mild redness, inflammation with small light brown crust, that is, “beard sores”, stubborn and difficult to treat. The other is disseminated red, greasy scales, pustules formed deeper, involving the entire hair follicle. 4.Torso: At first it is a small reddish-brown follicular papule with greasy scales, and then it gradually becomes an annular patch with fine bran-like scales in the center and dark red papules and large greasy scales on the edge, mostly in the forehead and between the scapulae. 5.Fold: Mostly seen in obese middle-aged people, the lesions exist in the form of disseminated abrasive erythema, with clear borders and greasy scales on the erythema. The lesions can be divided into dry and wet types according to the different performance of the skin: dry is mostly erythematous desquamative damage, wet is mostly papules, blisters, scratching can produce vesicles, oozing, and yellow scabs. Itching is often unbearable, and the disease is slow and recurrent. The lesions are usually found in the seborrheic area and are often confined to the scalp, but in severe cases they may develop on the face, nasolabial folds, eyebrows, eyelids, middle of the chest and back, umbilicus and groin or armpits. The lesions begin as small follicular papules and gradually fuse into yellow-red patches of varying size, covered with greasy scales and crusts, and in severe cases may present as mild exudative eczema-like dermatitis, confined to a certain area or generalized, or even develop into erysipelas. The clinical manifestations vary depending on the location and the severity of the damage. Treatment: Internal medicine: 1, vitamin B group preparations, such as vitamin B6, B2, B1. 2, some advocate taking tetracycline. The systemic antifungal treatment: there is limited information on the effectiveness of systemic antifungal treatment for seborrheic dermatitis. When planning treatment for patients with chronic conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis, we must carefully consider the safety of systemic antifungal drugs. 4. Oral treatment with compound glycopyrrolate tablets. Topical antifungals Topical antifungals are the mainstay of seborrheic dermatitis treatment. Drugs that have been well studied include ketoconazole, bifenazole, and ciclopirox (also known as ciclopirox), which are available in different dosage forms, such as creams, gels, foams, and shampoos. There are at least 10 randomized clinical trials of ketoconazole, some of which are limited to scalp treatment, while others elaborate on treatment of multiple parts of the body. 2. Topical corticosteroids Several randomized clinical trials have directly compared short-term topical corticosteroids – in roughly increasing order of strength, including hydrocortisone, betamethasone dipropionate, clobetasol 17-butyrate, and clobetasol dipropionate – with topical antifungals. and the effectiveness of topical antifungals. There is a consensus opinion that topical corticosteroids are useful primarily for short-term control of erythema and pruritus. There are no data to answer the question of whether the combination of topical corticosteroids and topical antifungals provides greater benefit than monotherapy. Skin atrophy and hirsutism are a concern with long-term use of corticosteroids. 3. Selenium disulfide products Studies have shown that itching and burning are more common in those using sulfide shampoos than in those using ketoconazole. There is a lack of trial information on the use of selenium disulfide in areas other than the scalp. 4, topical lithium salts topical lithium succinate and lithium gluconate, is an effective alternative drug for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in areas other than the scalp. Their mechanism of action is not well understood. 5, topical calcium-regulated neurophosphatase inhibitors Calcium-regulated neurophosphatase inhibitors prevent T-cell activation by downregulating type 1 and type 2 T helper cells.1 A randomized clinical trial that included 96 patients with moderate to severe facial seborrheic dermatitis showed that in a treatment-by-protocol analysis, the mean change in total target score from baseline to 4 weeks of treatment was significantly greater in the twice-daily 1% pimecrolimus group than in the placebo group. but the intention-to-treat analysis did not yield this result. Two small randomized trials did not show a significant difference between pimecrolimus and topical corticosteroids, but the statistical certainty of these trials is limited. 6, Other topical treatments There is limited information to support the topical use of pyrimethamine. 7, Phototherapy Ultraviolet B phototherapy is sometimes used as a treatment option for widespread or refractory seborrheic dermatitis, but it has not been studied in randomized trials. Patients are at risk for burning and itching, and the carcinogenic effect of long-term treatment on the skin is an issue that should be considered. 8. Areas of uncertainty To improve the quality of evidence to guide the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, validated criteria for determining diagnosis and severity, as well as validated indicators of clinically relevant regression, are needed. Most clinical trials on treatment are short-term, using either a medium control (in trials using topical agents) or a placebo control. Long-term clinical studies comparing different treatment strategies, including non-pharmacologic treatments such as phototherapy and interventions that simply remove dander, such as treatment with stratum corneum softeners-like agents, are also needed. Little information is available to guide the treatment of infants with the disease. Similarly, there is limited information regarding the treatment of patients with HIV-associated seborrheic dermatitis and those who do not respond to conventional topical treatments. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get the best out of your own home. 3, regular life, keep the mood relaxed.