Elderly diabetic patients and patients with diabetes mellitus for more than 10 years will often have the phenomenon of nocturnal polyuria, which is caused by the decline of renal function and renal tubular function. There are various mechanisms, such as diabetic metabolic disorders, blood hypertonicity, hyperviscosity, microvascular damage, as well as glomerular hyperfiltration, hyperperfusion, etc. can make the renal tubular structure is abnormal, structural abnormality inevitably lead to impaired function. Diabetic patients should pay attention to the treatment of nocturia. Some studies have shown that functional changes can occur before the histological changes in the renal tubules, thus diabetic patients can often have nocturia, urine osmolality, urine specific gravity reduction, etc., before the typical manifestations of nephropathy, such as edema and hypertension. Therefore, nocturia can be an early warning symptom of kidney disease. Seize this opportunity to take proactive treatment to delay the emergence of renal complications. In addition, along with the increase of nocturia, the frequency of nocturia also increases, in mild cases, 2~3 times, and in severe cases, it can be more than 10 times, which often leads to the patients’ lack of sleep, loss of energy, loss of appetite, anxiety, irritability, and depression, which in turn, can be a common trigger for the increase of blood glucose, which is difficult to control. Therefore, it should attract the attention of clinicians and patients, and actively be treated. What examination should be done for nocturia Diabetic patients with nocturia can be examined 12-hour urinary osmolality, urine specific gravity, urine glucose, urine volume (daytime and nighttime ratio) CCr. As a criterion for judging the efficacy of the treatment, in addition to the 12-hour urinary osmolality, urine specific gravity, creatinine clearance, renal tubular markers, such as urinary a1-MG, urinary b2-MG, urinary NAG and so on can be referred to.