Osteoporosis is the most common bone metabolic disease in postmenopausal women and the elderly. It brings great inconvenience and pain to the patient’s life. The serious consequence of osteoporosis lies in the fact that any slight activity or trauma may lead to a fracture, and once a patient suffers a fracture, it can be life-threatening. Here is a look at the specifics! Osteoporosis: is a phenomenon of the whole body bone composition reduction, mainly manifested as a decrease in the amount of bone per unit volume of bone tissue, bone minerals and bone matrix with the increase in age (or women after menopause) and other proportional reduction in the microstructure of the bone tissue changes in the bone tissue, resulting in changes in the normal loading of the bone tissue function. Osteoporosis is clinically manifested as low back pain, pathologic fractures. Vertebral deformation, deformation of the body to the “turtle back” appears, accompanied by pain in the bones of the body and other symptoms, known as osteoporosis, is a systemic bone disease. Young women suffering from osteoporosis are mainly due to the following reasons: NO.1 Dieting to lose weight “reduce” osteoporosis Weight loss is an eternal topic for modern women. Young women in order to have a slim body and dieting to lose weight, usually favor vegetarian food, away from high-calorie and high-nutrition food, so that the nutrition is not reasonable, resulting in insufficient calcium intake, coupled with weight loss to reduce body fat, due to the fat and estrogen content, the amount of estrogen is often associated with the reduction of fat and reduce the amount of estrogen, the estrogen level for a long time to decline, will accelerate the loss of bone calcium, resulting in osteoporosis. NO.2 whitening “beauty” out of osteoporosis “a white cover three ugly, white for beauty, this is the motto of the young sex” Xu Hongzhang director introduced, as we all know, vitamin D helps the body to the absorption of calcium, and sunlight irradiation is vitamin D production of essential factors, and young women whitening far away from the sunlight, and the sunlight irradiation is vitamin D production of essential factors, and young women whitening far away from the sunlight. Factors, and young women whitening away from the sun behavior can not effectively increase the body of vitamin D greatly affects the absorption of calcium in the body. NO.3 Unhealthy living habits “give birth” to osteoporosis An epidemiological study confirms that often irregular sleep, such as long-term overtime work, driving late at night, long-term coffee, beverages, and smoking, drinking and other bad habits, may affect calcium absorption and estrogen levels in the body, resulting in osteoporosis. NO.4 Osteoporosis caused by other special conditions Young women are prone to osteoporosis, and breastfeeding women are prone to osteoporosis. During lactation, the pituitary gland secretes a large amount of prolactin, which suppresses the ovaries and lowers the level of estrogen, and low estrogen reduces bone mass. Lactation due to the need to meet the needs of the newborn’s growth and development, calcium mobilization from the bone than during pregnancy, the extent of which depends on the amount of milk and the length of the lactation period. Causes of osteoporosis: “When you get old, your bones get loose” seems to be a physiological situation, so many people do not take osteoporosis seriously. Osteoporosis is one of the most important causes of bone fractures. In order to reduce the occurrence of fractures, the first thing to do is to start from the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. So what factors will lead to osteoporosis? 1, endocrine and osteoporosis related hormones are 8 kinds of hormones, they are: estrogen, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, active vitamin D, thyroxine, androgens, corticosteroids, growth hormone, etc., and the previous 4 hormones are particularly important, especially sex hormones play a decisive role, especially on the women’s influence is more pronounced, for example, the removal of the ovaries or premature amenorrhea of the female, because of the reduction of estrogen secretion or not secreting For example, women with ovarian removal or premature amenorrhea are prone to osteoporosis due to decreased or no estrogen secretion. Estrogen inhibits bone resorption, enhances osteoblast activity, inhibits osteocalcin dissolution, and promotes bone reconstruction; androgen promotes protein synthesis and bone matrix synthesis. Due to hypogonadism, the generation of estrogen and androgen decreases, thus osteoporosis is easy to occur. 2, nutritional factors, calcium, phosphorus, protein, trace elements (fluorine, magnesium, zinc), vitamin C, vitamin D and other deficiencies are closely related to osteoporosis. The lack of calcium and phosphorus is the main reason. 3.Disuse factors Because of fracture or bone disease and need to be fixed for a long time patients, because of the disease need to be bedridden for a long time, muscle paralysis, can cause osteoporosis. It is generally believed that when the body is in a static state for a long time, the muscle activity is reduced, and the bone lacks muscle stimulation, as a result of the reduction of osteoblasts, the normal bone metabolic process has been damaged, and the osteoclasts are relatively active, resulting in the dissolution of calcium in the bones, and the increase of calcium discharged from urine, which ultimately leads to osteoporosis. Athletes are muscular and have dense and hard bones, and rarely suffer from osteoporosis. The elderly after surgery or suffering from serious diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, in order to prevent osteoporosis, to avoid prolonged absolute bedridden, and advocate early out of bed activities. 4, lack of activity sports, sunlight exposure, gravity load factors and bone mass, osteoporosis has a close relationship. Exercise, neuroendocrine regulation of the bones to provide adequate mineral nutrition, so that the whole body and local bone calcium content increased; exercise can also maintain a certain mechanical stimulation of the bones, stimulate the activity of osteoblasts, increase bone formation; exercise can also make menopausal women’s estrogen secretion increased mildly. When this mechanical stimulation decreases or disappears, bone resorption will exceed bone formation, which in turn leads to osteoporosis. The ability of people to exercise diminishes with age. Increasing age causes degenerative changes in the skeletal system and muscle function, and regular exercise can delay such degenerative changes in the elderly. Older people are prone to bone loss due to slower mobility, less exercise or prolonged bed rest. Older people who exercise properly can not only strengthen muscle adaptability, increase muscle strength, but also reduce bone loss, maintain appropriate exercise to help improve bone quality, is to reduce the risk of osteoporosis is an important means. 5.Genetic factors The loss of bone mass is also related to genetic factors, therefore, genetic factors are also an important reason for the occurrence of osteoporosis. For example, black people’s bones are heavier, white people and yellow people have more chances of osteoporosis and bone fracture than black people, and the symptoms are heavier; people with short stature are more prone to osteoporosis than those with tall stature; even if the living conditions, physical state, environmental factors are similar, the same gender and age of two people, the occurrence and degree of osteoporosis are also different, and all of these facts reveal that osteoporosis is related to the genetic factors. genetic predisposition. Therefore, it is necessary to ask patients with severe osteoporosis whether they have a family history. 6. Gender and age factors: Bone mass of both sexes starts to decline after 35-40 years old, and the bone loss of women after menopause is much higher than that of men, so the incidence of osteoporosis in women is much higher than that in men, and the prevalence of osteoporosis in women is two to eight times higher than that in men. The bone loss of men is always slow, the total amount of bone loss is relatively smaller than that of women, and the incidence of bone fracture due to osteoporosis is also lower than that of women. 7, immune function Immune function has a regulatory effect on bone reconstruction, therefore, the immune function of rose change and osteoporosis also has a relationship with the occurrence of osteoporosis. Such as rheumatoid arthritis can cause osteoporosis, suggesting that the connective tissue immune function aging or lack of osteoporosis may have a certain relationship with the onset of osteoporosis. 8, disease factors Some systemic diseases, such as hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, liver and kidney disease, gastrointestinal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. can cause osteoporosis. In addition, affect the physical activity of the disease, such as hemiplegia, long-term bedridden patients, easy to occur osteoporosis. 9, drug factors Long-term use of certain drugs can affect calcium absorption, urinary calcium excretion increases, promote bone loss, causing osteoporosis. These drugs are: adrenal glucocorticoid (such as prednisone, dexamethasone, etc.), antidrugs (such as phenytoin sodium, phenobarbital, paracetamol, etc.), contraceptive drugs (such as ethinyl estradiol, etc.), anti-tuberculosis drugs (such as isoniazid, rifampicin, etc.), antacid containing aluminum (such as aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum, aluminum, bismuth aluminum, etc.), heparin and so on. 10, climate and environmental factors Climate change affects human bone metabolism and its nutritional status, long-term climate unsuitable for osteoporosis will lead to the occurrence of osteoporosis, sudden climate change will also aggravate osteoporosis. Environmental pollution is mainly air pollution, food pollution and water pollution, such pollutants contain lead, aluminum, cadmium and other heavy metals that are harmful to bones, and when they enter the human body through breathing or eating, they will affect the absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the bones, and the bone formation will be less than the breaking of bones, which will aggravate osteoporosis. Clinical manifestations: 1, pain The most common symptom of primary osteoporosis is low back pain, accounting for 70% to 80% of patients with pain. The pain spreads along the spine to both sides, decreases when lying on the back or sitting, increases when stretching or sitting for a long time, and worsens when bending, coughing, or straining to defecate. Generally, bone pain can appear when the bone loss is more than 12%. 2.Shortening of body length, hunchback Mostly appear after the pain. The front part of the vertebrae is heavily loaded, especially the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae and the 3rd lumbar vertebrae, which are more loaded and easy to be compressed and deformed, so that the spine is tilted forward to form a hunchback, and with age, osteoporosis is aggravated, and the curvature of the hunchback is increased, and the vertebral body compression in the case of old people with osteoporosis shortens each vertebral body by 2 millimeters, and the length of the body is shortened by 3 to 6 centimeters on average. 3.Fracture The most serious consequence of osteoporosis is fracture. Clinically, they mainly occur in the area rich in cancellous bone, mainly in the hip, thoracolumbar vertebrae, distal radius, proximal humerus and ankle. Among them, hip fracture is the most serious, because the fracture must be bedridden, so it is easy to occur pneumonia, phlebitis, urinary tract infection and cardiovascular and cerebral vascular anomalies, according to foreign reports, 10-20% of the patients died within the first year of the onset of the disease, and half of the patients can not take care of their own life. 4, the decline in respiratory function thoracic and lumbar vertebral compression fracture, vertebral recurvature, thoracic deformity, can make the lung capacity and the maximum volume of air exchange is significantly reduced, the patient can often appear chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms. Treatment: Diet therapy supplement: calcium is based on the demand for calcium at different stages of physiological development, through food (such as milk, dairy products, etc.) to supplement calcium and vitamin D. Dietary calcium supplementation methods are more, rib soup, milk, etc. is a better calcium food, shrimp, scallops, tofu, green vegetables, etc. is also high in calcium-containing foods, the elderly can be adjusted according to the needs of the diet to be supplemented. Drug therapy: Calcitonin, calcitonin is a peptide hormone, can quickly inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, slow action can reduce the number of osteoclasts, has the function of pain relief, increase activity function and improve calcium balance. Vitamin D and calcium: Vitamin D and its metabolites can promote the absorption of calcium in the small intestine and the mineralization of bone, and active vitamin D can promote the formation of bone, increase the production of osteocalcin and the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Warm tips: 1, diet: ban spicy stimulating food, should not eat too much sweet or salty food, should not consume too much protein, will cause calcium loss, avoid drinking coffee, tobacco and alcohol. 2, eat more food rich in calcium, eat more food rich in vitamin D, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. 3, appropriate exercise, such as running. 4.More sunbathing. 5.Check bone density regularly to keep track of the bone condition. Osteoporosis is not the patent of the elderly, young people are also shot, especially young women are osteoporosis is easy to favor the crowd, osteoporosis should not be underestimated, in our daily life should pay attention to diet, exercise, away from the natural enemy of cola, coffee and chocolate.