Most of the actinomycetes are not beneficial bacteria. Actinobacteria are a group of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria belonging to the order Actinobacteria. These microorganisms vary in their phylogeny but are morphologically similar, exhibiting characteristic filamentous branching and breaking off to form bacillus-like or coccus-like bodies. Aerobic actinomycetes that can cause disease in humans and animals include Nocardia, Gordona, Tsukamurella, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Mycobacteria, and Corynebacteria ( Corynebacteria). Anaerobic genera of medical significance include Actinomyces, Arachnia, Rothia, and Bifidobacterium. Some actinomycetes may cause symptoms of infection, mainly in the skin, lungs and other parts of the ulceration and inflammation. However, actinomycetes are not useless. Although they may cause infections, most antibiotics are produced by actinomycetes. Some actinomycetes also produce proteases, amylases and other substances used in the pharmaceutical industry. It should be noted that, because the actinomycetes are abundant in the soil, if you touch the soil in your daily life, you should wash your hands diligently to avoid being infected by actinomycetes, and if you have symptoms of infection, you need to seek medical treatment immediately.