When post mitral valve surgery renal failure occurs, non-dialysis and dialysis treatments are available depending on the patient’s condition. Post mitral valve surgery renal failure is usually acute renal failure, which is caused by unstable hemodynamics during the peripheral extracorporeal circulation period, and renal failure occurs due to the disturbance of the internal environment affecting renal function. Most of the manifestations are oliguria or anuria, edema, azotemia, hyperkalemia and so on. Treatment is divided into non-dialysis treatment and dialysis treatment according to the condition. In terms of treatment, non-dialysis treatment is mostly used in the early stage, such as the continuous application of diuretics such as furosemide, mannitol, etc.; if the effect is not good, dialysis should be actively used to maintain the normal operation of renal function through dialysis, and also to avoid further aggravation of renal failure. During the recovery period, you need to go to the hospital regularly to do the relevant review, through the review can observe the recovery of the condition, but also according to the results of the review to make targeted adjustments. It is recommended that patients with renal failure should consult the doctor in time and standardize the treatment under the doctor’s guidance to avoid the delay of the condition.