Pulmonary cavitation is a common imaging manifestation of lung disease and is more clearly seen on CT than on plain films. The main diseases that cause pulmonary cavitation are lung abscess, tuberculosis, and lung tumor. The treatment of pulmonary cavitation should be combined with the patient’s other symptomatic manifestations and clinical examination to determine what disease the patient is treated symptomatically. First, lung abscess, treatment is based on antibiotic therapy and keeping the airway open. Second, pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment is based on anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampin and so on. For lung tumor, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, surgery, etc. can be considered.