Droplet transmission is the main route of transmission of tuberculosis, and patients with tuberculosis are the main source of tuberculosis infection. Patients with positive sputum smears transmit to susceptible individuals through the process of coughing, sneezing, or loud communication by expelling microdroplets with TB bacteria into the air. Also, more rarely, there is gastrointestinal and cutaneous transmission. When a patient is found to have TB, it is important to find out the history of TB exposure, mainly to family members, but also to find out if the patient’s classmates, colleagues, friends and neighbors who come and go have TB. Tuberculosis is an important infectious disease that poses a serious risk to human health because of the damage to the body, the long treatment process, the presence of certain toxic side effects of treatment drugs and the chance of drug resistance. Once tuberculosis is detected, it is important to follow the principles of early, regular, full, moderate and combined anti-tuberculosis treatment as early as possible, and to ensure that the full course of treatment is completed to achieve the goal of complete treatment.