Tennis, along with golf, bowling and billiards, is known as one of the four major gentleman’s sports in the world. Its origin can be traced back to the 12th to 13th century in France, when a game of hitting the ball with the palm of the hand was popular among the missionaries, the method was to play the ball made of hair wrapped in cloth with the palm of the hand in an open space between two people separated by a rope. Tennis was called “noble sport”. Nowadays, tennis has become a sport for the common people, and is becoming a fitness sport for everyone to exercise and strengthen their body. Tennis has also become a fitness sport that the general public in our city actively participate in. Nearly half of the tennis fans have been injured by the sport, the more common injuries are: tennis elbow, muscle spasm, muscle strain, joint dislocation, Achilles tendon rupture, Achilles tendonitis, ankle ligament strain rupture, back pain, shoulder pain, bruising blisters bruising and other soft tissue injuries, knee pain or meniscus injury. The more common causes of injury are mainly in two categories: one is the direct cause; the other is the causative factor. Direct causes are: ideological lack of attention; sports equipment is not suitable (such as shoes too big), lack of reasonable preparation activities; technical errors; sports load; physical function and mental state is poor; sports rough or violate the rules; shortcomings of the venue equipment; adverse weather effects. The causative factors are: the technical characteristics of each sport and the physiological characteristics of the local anatomy of the two. I would like to start from the mechanism and characteristics of different injuries on how to prevent tennis sports injury this issue and we do a preliminary discussion: 1, tennis elbow: (1) symptoms of the outer epicondyle of the elbow joint limited pain, persistent soreness. And affect the wrist extension and forearm rotation function. In about one-third of cases, the pain radiates to the forearm, wrist or upper arm. Some cases have nocturnal pain. (2) The cause is a partial tear or sprain of the common tendon of the forearm extensor muscle near the elbow joint due to sudden overextension; or local calcification and aseptic necrosis due to long-term accumulated chronic injury; degenerative changes of the annular ligament of the radial head; osteochondritis of the external epicondyle of the humerus; bursitis of the deep surface of the common tendon of the forearm extensor muscle; synovitis or hyperplasia of the synovial folds of the brachioradialis joint; excessive subcutaneous vascular nerve bundle stricture and neuritis of the articular branch of the radial nerve, etc. Similar cases can be seen in the medial epicondyle of the humerus, but they are less common, with a ratio of 1U7. Most of them are caused by incorrect backhand stroke, forehand stroke without the use of lumbar strength based on arm and wrist strength alone, or excessive forearm muscle tension or inflammation of the elbow joint caused by an overweight or oversized racket. (3) Emergency measures Stop the game and massage with ice; bandage to fix the elbow joint; rest as necessary. (4) Prevention and treatment Increase arm strength exercises; correct wrong movements; check the weight and size of the racket, massage, ultrasound therapy, wrap plaster bandages, etc. after the injury occurs. Note: The elbow should be rested immediately after the occurrence of pain, otherwise the condition will be complicated by the need to go to a specialist to perform local closure, small needle or surgery. 2. Muscle spasm: (1) Symptoms: Sudden pain and uncontrollable stiffness of the muscle at the site of spasm. (2) The cause is muscle stiffness caused by physical incompetence, too cold weather, or too hot weather, excessive salt loss due to excessive sweating. (3) Emergency measures Stretching the spastic muscles. (4) Prevention and treatment Play for too long, bring more water and drinks containing salt, etc. Pay attention to rest after the injury, usually need to rest for more than 3 weeks. 3, muscle strain: (1) symptoms Muscle has a slight tearing sensation. (2) The reason is that the back muscle injury is caused by squatting and hitting or turning movements; the abdominal muscle injury is caused by serving too hard or playing a high pressure ball, or by overloading the muscles. Triceps injury is caused by the sudden straightening of the elbow joint or the forefinger and thumb holding the racket too tightly, which hinders the movement of the wrist and the rapid straightening of the elbow joint. Forward and backward and left and right movement can easily cause strain of quadriceps, biceps and adductor muscles leading to severe pain and restricted movement of the anterior and posterior thighs or the root of the thigh. (3) Prevention and treatment Do warm-up exercises to relax the whole body muscles. After the strain, apply cold compresses and pressure bandages to the injured area, and if necessary, make appropriate physical therapy or local braking (external fixation in plaster is the best choice). 4.Joint dislocation: Dislocation of the interphalangeal joint or metacarpophalangeal joint of the hand is more common, with joint deformity, interlocking and restricted movement. It occurs mostly in tennis professional training. Prevention and treatment: special intensive training should be gradual, in the case of film confirmed no fracture should be reset and fixed by a specialist as soon as possible. 5.Achilles tendon rupture: (1) Symptoms: no abnormalities on the surface of the foot, but there is severe tearing pain. (2) The reason is that the player carries on the intense training, the game when the strong sharp stop, the change of direction; Achilles tendon ligament strains excessively. (3) Emergency measures: Quickly cool down with ice water, fix the ankle joint, elevate the affected limb and seek medical help. (4) Prevention and treatment: warm-up activities should be done well. Surgery is required after the injury occurs. (6) Achilles tendonitis: (1) Symptoms: pain in the foot when lifting the foot; swelling of the back wall of the foot (2) Causes are too heavy load on the Achilles tendon, fragile ligaments in the foot; flat feet; incorrect position of the foot when hitting the ball; inappropriate shoes (mostly tennis shoes are too big); hard ground on the tennis court, etc. (3) Emergency measures: massage with ice; short rest. (4) Prevention and treatment: Players should warm up and stretch adequately before tennis matches or training, especially for those with congenital foot weakness; pick the right shoes; check the correct position of the foot when hitting the ball. After the disease, use ice massage or use anti-inflammatory injections and wrap medical bandages. Severe cases must be operated. Ankle ligament strain rupture: (1) Symptoms: severe pain in the ankle. (2) Caused by violent change of direction during sports or unsuitable shoes or uneven surface on the tennis court or stepping on the ball. (3) Emergency measures: apply cold compresses, wrap a triangular elastic bandage after photographing to exclude fracture, or external fixation in plaster. (4) Prevention and treatment: proper choice of tennis shoes; strengthening muscle exercises; wearing ankle brace during exercise. After the injury occurs, soak in cold water; apply massage methods. 8.Lumbar pain ： （1） Symptoms: lumbar stiffness, sudden sharp pain; protrusion of the spine to the loss of consciousness in the thighs and muscle weakness （2） Causes are overloading of the spine; excessive tension in the lumbar muscles; deformation of the spine or herniated cone disc. (3) Emergency measures: interrupting the game, applying heat to the painful area; specialist medical attention. (4) Prevention and treatment: strengthen the muscles regularly, enhance the muscle strength of the abdomen and back, and establish body muscle balance. After the injury occurs for hot compress treatment, massage or cone bone reset. 9.Shoulder joint pain: (1) Symptoms: Pain in the shoulder joint during serving, hitting, high pressure ball, and arm spasm. (2) The reason is that the muscles, ligaments and joint capsule of the shoulder joint are overloaded, mostly due to excessive force on the serve and high pressure ball. (3) Emergency measures: Stop playing and fix the shoulder joint for a short time. (4) Prevention and treatment: Strengthen the training of shoulder muscles in general; prepare activities before the match; improve the technical movements of serve, stroke and high pressure ball. After the injury occurs, use ultrasonic therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, etc. This injury is rarely treated surgically after excluding rotator cuff rupture. 10.Scrapes, blisters, bruises and other soft tissue injuries: (1) Scrapes: Scrapes are probably the most common injury you will encounter. Scrapes are just superficial abrasions of the skin and can be cleaned with antiseptic water and then wrapped with a non-adhesive bandage. (2) Blisters: Small blisters of stagnant water growing under the skin are caused by moisture, pressure and abrasive force. You can put on a fleece wristband, or shoot powder on the racket handle, which can avoid sweaty palms. (3) Bruises and sprains: Bruises are caused by collisions, injuring the soft tissues of the skin, blood vessels, and muscle fibers. Swelling, skin discoloration and pain occur when blood penetrates the skin tissue. Sprains: Tennis sometimes requires large movements, which can lead to joint injuries. Generally speaking, sprains occur when the joint is subjected to pressure, but if the force exceeds the range of motion of the joint, it can also injure the ligaments. 11, knee pain: (1) Symptoms: pain with edema during intense exercise or overload. (2) The cause is excessive tension in the knee ligaments when playing tennis, the hard ground of tennis matches, and the inherent weakness of the knee joint. (3) Emergency measures: massage with ice; use of anti-inflammatory ointment, ultrasound, bandage method. (4) Prevention and treatment: adequate preparation activities, strengthening joint strength exercises, correct technical movements, protection of the knee joint such as change of direction running, choosing suitable tennis shoes, wearing knee pads. 12. Meniscal injury: (1) Symptoms: severe pain in the knee joint, popping and interlocking. It is especially intense when going up and down stairs. (2) The cause is bending the knee and braking the ball, grabbing the best position, changing direction, while the knee joint completes a rapid knee extension and is accompanied by the action of rotation inward and outward. (3) Emergency measures: Braking of the affected limb and medical consultation with a specialist. (4) Prevention and treatment: Adequate preparation, use of knee pads, strengthening of the knee, selection of appropriate shoes, standardization of technical movements. Long-term rest, use of anti-inflammatory ointments or injections or surgery Sports injuries are difficult to treat because athletes or those who play tennis have to practice and treat at the same time. In sports injury treatment methods, conservative treatment methods occupy an important position, can solve 95% of sports injuries, commonly used methods: Chinese medicine has massage, acupuncture, the use of external Chinese medicine, etc., commonly used drugs including pain cream, orthopedic water, safflower oil, etc.. Western medicine commonly used treatment methods include playing closed, with numbing drugs, antibiotic therapy, physical therapy (infrared or laser, etc.), functional exercise, protective support belt, in addition to cold and heat therapy, cold therapy mainly for acute injuries such as strains, capillary rupture, relying on ice packs or sprays to prevent bleeding and swelling, reduce the metabolic rate; heat therapy mainly for rheumatism, long-term muscle adhesions and other chronic injuries, can accelerate blood circulation and reduce pain. In the prevention and treatment of sports injuries in two aspects, the prevention of sports injuries should be paid particular attention to the timely elimination of fatigue is an important part of injury prevention. Currently commonly used methods to eliminate fatigue are massage, active rest, water baths, nutritional supplements and so on. The principles of preventing sports injuries can be summarized in 20 words: reasonable plan, wholeheartedly, warm-up sufficient, the amount of effort, relaxation thoroughly. Reasonable plan ordinary people exercise should also have expert guidance, only after understanding how high the frequency of exercise is more suitable for themselves can be more reasonable arrangements for exercise. Generally speaking, after entering the exercise state can make a person’s heart rate to 70% of the maximum heart rate, and can adhere to about 10 minutes is the right amount of exercise. It is important to note that any exercise, should be like playing Taijiquan, there is a starting momentum, there is a closing momentum, not all at once into a high state of exercise, and not suddenly stop. At the same time, the movement should make their posture as standardized as possible. Wholeheartedly Sports before the first to prevent “psychological injury”, first in the psychological preparation for sports, control too low or excited emotions before the real fitness. People who are full of work are pulled to the field of exercise, not only will be slower to react, the chance of other accidents is also greater. Warm up well before exercise must first warm up by jogging or jogging, doing gymnastics, doing games and other sports with less power load until you feel a little sweaty. At the same time to do some leg press, stretching ligaments stretching exercises, on the one hand, can increase the flexibility of the body, on the other hand, can also avoid ligament injuries. Tennis, like any other sport, is a double-edged sword. Both can play the role of exercise. It can also cause physical injury. The key is how to master the amount of exercise and exercise intensity. Relaxation thoroughly After exercise, you can jog, do exercises, deep breathing, stretching and other forms to let the body fully relax.