Generally speaking, renal cysts may gradually increase in size with time. However, most of the renal cysts grow slowly, if the patient is asymptomatic, regular review can be done; however, some patients’ renal cysts will increase in size year by year with obvious clinical manifestations, and then they need to be treated symptomatically. Renal cysts can be unilateral or bilateral due to the formation of a cystic cavity after a long period of time when the renal tubule has a blind end. In general, renal cysts may gradually increase in size with time, but usually grow slowly. If it is small, it usually has no clinical symptoms, so it does not need special treatment and only needs regular observation. If the patient has symptoms such as coeliac abdominal pain, hematuria and abdominal masses, then the patient’s renal cysts need to be treated. For large cysts with a diameter of >5cm, we can consider puncture aspiration and injection of sclerosing agent such as anhydrous ethanol to prevent recurrence. Surgery should be considered for patients with huge cysts with volume >500ml, malignant tendency or recurrence after puncture. If patients find renal cysts, it is recommended to go to regular hospitals in a timely manner and receive standardized treatment under the guidance of doctors.