Treatment: I. Non-surgical treatment Most patients with lumbar disc herniation can be relieved or cured by non-surgical treatment. The principle of treatment is not to return the degenerated and protruded intervertebral disc tissue to its original position, but to change the relative position of the intervertebral disc tissue and the compressed nerve root or partially retract the disc tissue to alleviate the compression on the nerve root, loosen the adhesion of the nerve root, and eliminate the inflammation of the nerve root, so as to alleviate the symptoms. Non-surgical treatment is mainly suitable for: 1, young, the first attack or a shorter duration of the disease; 2, less severe symptoms, symptoms can be relieved by themselves after rest; 3, no obvious spinal stenosis in the imaging examination. (1) Absolute bed rest for the first attack should be strictly bed rest, emphasizing that one should not get out of bed or sit up for both bowel movements and urination. After 3 weeks of bed rest, you can get up and move around under the protection of a lumbar girdle, and you should not do any bending over to hold objects within 3 months. This method is simple and effective, but more difficult to adhere to. After relief, the lumbar back muscle exercise should be strengthened to reduce the chance of recurrence. (2) Pelvic traction therapy can increase the width of the intervertebral space, reduce the internal pressure of the intervertebral disc, the herniated portion of the intervertebral disc can be retracted, and the irritation and compression on the nerve root can be reduced, which needs to be carried out under the guidance of a professional doctor. (3) Physiotherapy and massage can relieve muscle spasm and reduce the pressure within the intervertebral disc, but note that violent massage can lead to exacerbation of the condition and should be done with caution. (4) Supportive therapy can be tried with glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are clinically used in the treatment of osteoarthritis in all parts of the body, and these chondroprotectors have a certain degree of anti-inflammatory and anti-chondrolysis effects. Basic research has shown that glucosamine inhibits the production of inflammatory factors by spinal nucleus pulposus cells and promotes the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, a component of the cartilage matrix of the intervertebral disc. Clinical studies have found that injection of glucosamine into the intervertebral disc can significantly reduce lower back pain caused by degenerative disc disease while improving spinal function. Some case reports suggest that oral administration of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate can reverse degenerative disc changes to a certain extent. (5) Corticosteroids Epidural injection of corticosteroids is a long-acting anti-inflammatory agent that reduces inflammation and adhesions around the nerve roots. Long-acting corticosteroid preparation + 2% lidocaine is usually used for epidural injection, once a week, 3 times for a course of treatment, and another course of treatment can be used after 2-4 weeks. (6) Nucleus pulposus chemical dissolution method utilizes collagenase or papain to inject into the intervertebral disc or between the dura mater and the protruding nucleus pulposus to selectively dissolve the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus without damaging the nerve root, in order to reduce the pressure within the intervertebral disc or make the protruding nucleus pulposus smaller so as to relieve the symptoms. However, this method has the risk of producing allergic reactions. Percutaneous nucleus pulposus aspiration/nucleus pulposus laser gasification By entering the intervertebral space under X-ray surveillance with special instruments, part of the nucleus pulposus is crushed and suctioned out or gasified by laser, so as to reduce the pressure in the intervertebral disc to alleviate the symptoms. This method is suitable for patients with bulging or mild herniation, but is not suitable for patients with combined lateral saphenous stenosis or patients with significant herniation or those whose nucleus pulposus has already been dislodged into the vertebral canal. Third, surgical treatment (1) the indications for surgery ① history of more than three months, strict conservative treatment is ineffective or conservative treatment is effective, but often recurring and severe pain; ② the first attack, but the pain is severe, especially in the lower limbs, the patient is difficult to move and sleep, in a forced position; ③ combined with the cauda equina nerve compression manifestations; ④ the emergence of a single nerve root paralysis, accompanied by muscular atrophy, muscle weakness; ⑤ combined with the spinal canal stenosis. ⑤ Combined with spinal canal stenosis. (2) Surgical methods: Partial removal of the vertebral plate and synovial process through a posterior lumbar back incision, or discectomy of the intervertebral disc through the intervertebral plate space. For central herniated disc, after laminectomy, extradural or intradural discectomy is performed. In combination with lumbar instability and lumbar spinal stenosis, spinal fusion is required at the same time. In recent years, minimally invasive surgical techniques such as microdiscectomy, microendoscopic discectomy, and percutaneous intervertebral foramenoscopic discectomy have reduced surgical injuries and achieved good results.