With the rapid development of China’s economy and the aggravation of social aging, the prevalence of hypertension has increased significantly in the elderly population, and has become one of the most important chronic diseases affecting the health of the elderly population. According to the statistics in 2012, the prevalence of hypertension among people ≥60 years old in China is 60.6% in urban areas and 57.0% in rural areas; age ≥65 years old can be defined as hypertension in the elderly. If the systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure <90mmHg, it is simple systolic hypertension in the elderly. Hypertension has become an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to which the elderly are prone. For the special group of elderly hypertension, what are the characteristics of hypertension and the precautions in the treatment process? First, the characteristics of elderly hypertensive patients For the elderly population, their hypertension generally has the following characteristics: first, systolic blood pressure increases, pulse pressure increases, simple systolic hypertension is the most common type of hypertension in the elderly, accounting for 60%~80% of hypertension in the elderly, and in the hypertensive population of people older than 70 years old, it can reach 80%~90%. Increased systolic blood pressure significantly increases the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and end-stage renal disease. Second, blood pressure fluctuates: hypertension combined with postural blood pressure variability and postprandial hypotension increases. Postural blood pressure variability includes upright hypotension and prone hypertension. High blood pressure fluctuation affects the efficacy of treatment and can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular events; again, there is a high incidence of circadian rhythm abnormalities in blood pressure: nocturnal hypotension or nocturnal hypertension is common, and there is an increase in early-morning hypertension. Finally, it often coexists with a variety of diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and so on, which makes the treatment more difficult. Second, the treatment precautions of hypertension in the elderly For hypertensive patients in the elderly population, first of all, to improve the lifestyle is still the basic treatment of hypertension, mainly including: strict salt control, low-sodium diet; effective weight loss, weight control; complete smoking cessation, to avoid resumption of smoking; limiting the consumption of alcohol, as far as possible, do not drink; appropriate exercise, step by step. Secondly, the drug treatment of hypertension in the elderly: the results of clinical trials in China show that anti-hypertensive drug treatment for the elderly and even the elderly of advanced age can be of significant benefit, and drug treatment can significantly reduce stroke, coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. In general, the initiation of drug therapy is based on age stratification as well as blood pressure level: 65-79 year olds should start drug therapy if their blood pressure is ≥150/90 mmHg; drug therapy can be considered when their blood pressure is ≥140/90 mmHg; and ≥80 year olds should start drug therapy when their systolic blood pressure is ≥160 mmHg. In terms of drug selection for hypertension treatment in the elderly, it mainly includes diuretics, calcium antagonists (diphenhydramine), prilosec or sartans, all of which can be used as the initial or combined drug treatment. For specific programs, the cardiology outpatient clinic should be consulted, and the optimal drug treatment should be selected according to the level of blood pressure and the characteristics of the patient. Elderly hypertensive patients should also monitor their blood pressure at home. Effective and smooth control of blood pressure can reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as the emergence of hypotension and other adverse effects.