When physically permitted, no contraindications and indications exist, 78-year-old patients can undergo renal puncture, but they need to pay attention to postoperative care to prevent certain complications. Indications for renal puncture include various types of glomerulonephropathy, persistent asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria of unknown cause, and acute renal failure of unknown cause. Contraindications include isolated kidney, obvious bleeding tendency, severe hypertension, psychiatric disorders, malposition, renal infections, renal tumors, overpositioned or wandering kidneys, and chronic renal failure. When 78-year-old patients are in the indications for renal puncture, without contraindications to renal puncture and with good body immune function, then renal puncture can be performed to clarify the type of pathology, which will help further diagnosis and treatment. However, attention needs to be paid to the development of complications such as postoperative hematuria, perirenal hematoma, low back pain, and urinary retention. If a 78-year-old patient needs to undergo renal puncture, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital in time and standardize the treatment under the guidance of the doctor.