1. Do newborns need to have hearing screening? What tests are needed to detect hearing problems? All babies born should receive a newborn hearing screening. This is because some babies look healthy at birth, but may already have hearing problems in their mother’s tummy. After birth, it is usually difficult for parents to detect hearing problems within 1 year of age, and most children do not come to the attention of parents until they are 2-3 years old and cannot speak. If hearing screening is not performed early enough after birth, it may cause varying degrees of speech-language and cognitive developmental impairment in the child later. If hearing problems are not detected until 2-3 years of age, the best time for early intervention is missed. Hearing screening is an otoacoustic emission done at birth. An abnormal otoacoustic emission indicates a problem with the pathway from the outer hair cells of the cochlea to the external ear canal, and sometimes both middle ear effusion and outer ear canal cerumen effusion can cause abnormalities. It usually needs to be reviewed at 42 days, and if it has not passed, a diagnostic test will be done at 3 months. The following tests should be done to clarify the nature and degree of deafness and the possible causes of deafness: temporal bone CT to see if there are malformations in the inner ear and middle ear, otitis media, external ear lesions, etc.; hearing tests: acoustic conductance resistance, otoacoustic emissions from aberrant products, auditory brainstem evoked potential threshold, 40HZ correlation potential threshold, steady state evoked potential, bone conduction ABR to differentiate conductive deafness from sensorineural deafness); and genetic Genetic testing: deafness genetic testing. Only by knowing the nature and cause of deafness can we decide on a treatment plan. Conduction deafness can mostly be treated surgically to improve hearing, while pharmacological treatment for sensorineural deafness is basically ineffective at present. Hearing aids are commonly used, and cochlear implants can be considered if hearing aids are not effective for severe or very severe sensorineural deafness. 2. How is otitis media secretory in children caused? Although the cause of otitis media has not been thoroughly identified, it has been found to be closely related to three major factors, including eustachian tube dysfunction, infection and immune response. Of these, eustachian tube malfunction is the main cause. In children, adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of eustachian tube obstruction or eustachian tube malfunction. In addition, the disease is often secondary to an acute upper respiratory tract infection, most likely a mild or hypotoxic bacterial infection of the middle ear. Finally, because the middle ear is an independent immune defense system that is not yet developed in childhood, this is one of the most important reasons why children are susceptible to this disease. 3. What are the causes of sudden deafness in the middle-aged population? Noisy noise, excessive mental stress and poor living habits are the causes of sudden deafness in young and middle-aged people. Especially young people with more social life, irregular life and long-term unreleased depressed emotions can easily lead to inner ear spasm and neurological deafness. A more damaging cause of sudden deafness in middle-aged people is noise. The more frequent victims of this category are workers. The noise level in the production plant of these enterprises is generally high, and workers who are exposed to it for a long time are prone to sudden deafness if they do not pay attention to regulation and rest. Secondly, many young people are often in a state of overdraft, long time tension and fatigue without rest, it is easy to trigger sudden deafness. Bad lifestyle is also one of the main causes of deafness. Some people play online games all night, uncontrolled bar hopping, playing mahjong, mp3, mp4, video chat, telephone headphones, etc. make a lot of people seriously lack of sleep, and lack of sleep is easy to make the blood vessels in a state of tension, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the inner ear, which has a strong killing effect on hearing. 4.What kind of deafness needs hearing aids? The ideal candidate for hearing aids is a patient with sensorineural deafness. The general principle of fitting is based on the average loss of pure tone hearing at the patient’s speech frequency (0.5-2kHz), the greater the hearing loss, the greater the gain required, and those with moderate hearing loss will benefit most from using hearing aids. Conductive deafness can be improved or cured by methods such as surgery, but there are some cases of insignificant improvement after surgery where hearing aids are an option. Patients with diagnosed moderate to severe sensorineural deafness do well with hearing aids and should be strongly encouraged to use them. In the case of sensorineural deafness greater than 90 dB in both ears, hearing aids have limited effect and are an indication for cochlear implant surgery. In adults with total deafness in both ears due to various reasons, cochlear implantation should be actively used for those who are able to do so, which is very meaningful for improving their quality of life.