Recently, people often take the report card to ask: Dr. Zhu, some report cards are written as lumbar disc herniation, some are written as bulging, and some are written as prolapse, what is the difference between these three? The following will tell you the difference between these three. First of all, these three are for the disc, the disc we may think is composed of one piece, disc herniation that is herniated disc, in fact, the disc is composed of two kinds of tissue. These two tissues are very important, one is called the annulus fibrosus and the other is called the nucleus pulposus, and these two substances together make up our amazing discs. The nucleus pulposus is like jelly, located in the center of our discs. When our lumbar spine is flexed forward, the nucleus pulposus moves backward, and when the lumbar spine is extended backward, the nucleus pulposus moves forward, and when it is rotated, the nucleus pulposus is located in the center, which acts as a bearing to provide the lumbar spine with better flexibility. The annulus fibrosus wraps around the nucleus pulposus one by one, just like a rope around the courier we tie to protect the nucleus pulposus. The structure of the annulus fibrosus can make our lumbar spine more stable, and it is this flexible and stable structure that forms the basic shape of the disc. After explaining the above, then we will be very good to explain the difference between bulging, protrusion, and prolapse, let’s say, bulging is equivalent to the number 0.1-0.9 and protrusion and prolapse is equivalent to the number 1 and 2, bulging refers to the annulus fibrosus uniformly bulging, but no rupture, the nucleus pulposus is still wrapped in the annulus fibrosus, bulging is due to a long-term force unevenly led, especially long-term stooping posture, making the annulus fibrosus backward bulging. This is especially true in the case of prolonged stooping, which causes the fibrous ring to expand backward. If trauma occurs and the annulus ruptures, the nucleus pulposus will leak out of the ruptured gap, and the disc will not become bulging, but herniated. If the herniation continues to worsen, the disc will become prolapsed because the back of the disc is the spinal cord, and so prolapsed discs are still very likely to cause neurological symptoms. The development of anything is from 0 to 1 process, and we in order to avoid the development to the point of 1, we start from 0.1 to prevent the development, bulging is often the cause of poor posture, so if you see your physical examination results appeared on the bulging two words, do not think about anything, and do not be afraid, to correct their own bad posture, from now on.