Diuretic drugs are collectively known as diuretics in medicine. Diuretics have a wide range of clinical effects, mainly acting on the kidneys to promote the excretion of sodium and chloride ions and water in the body, increase urine output, and eliminate edema in the body. The main mechanism of action is to act on the renal tubules to promote the excretion of sodium ions from the renal tubular ion channels and to increase urine output, which can treat hypertension, congestive heart failure, swelling caused by various factors, and chronic renal insufficiency. Diuretics are usually divided into the following categories: first, there are thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, and tab diuretics, usually called furosemide, and potassium-protective diuretics, such as spironolactone and aminoglutethimide, and finally, there are osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol, all of which have the effect of sodium excretion, drainage, and promotion of diuresis.