First, there is a shift from simply lowering sugar to controlling multiple risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease. Most diabetics will have cardiovascular disease as a complication when they reach an advanced stage. Among them, 3/4 of type 2 diabetic patients will eventually die from cardiovascular disease. The UK Prospective Study of Diabetes (UKPDS) evidence-based medical research has shown that while strict glycemic control can significantly reduce the occurrence of microvascular complications of diabetes (e.g. diabetic nephropathy, diabetic eye disease, etc.), it cannot prevent the occurrence of macrovascular complications (mainly cardiovascular disease). It has been shown that diabetes, as a condition of the metabolic syndrome, aggregates numerous risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease, including hyperglycemia, disorders of fat metabolism, hypertension, abdominal obesity, hypercoagulable state of blood and chronic inflammatory state, etc. These risk factors can promote the formation of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is believed that the treatment of type 2 diabetes should go beyond the treatment concept centered on blood glucose control and replace it with comprehensive control of various risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease, so as to reduce the occurrence of chronic complications of diabetes and improve the prognosis of patients. Second, from “stepwise treatment” to “early intensive treatment” change. The traditional treatment model for type 2 diabetes is “step therapy”, which starts with changing the patient’s lifestyle (controlling diet, participating in more exercise, etc.), then the patient takes an oral hypoglycemic drug, and if this method of treatment is ineffective, it is changed to a combination of drugs, and insulin is used only as a last resort. At present, it seems that this traditional mode of treating diabetes is too conservative and is not conducive to bringing blood glucose to the standard as soon as possible. If the patient is in a state of high blood sugar for a long time, it will easily lead to the occurrence of diabetes complications. In addition, if some diabetic patients are not treated with insulin as early as possible, they may miss the best time to repair the function of pancreatic islet B cells, which will lead to a progressive and irreversible decline in the function of pancreatic islet B cells. Early intensive treatment” means that patients with diabetes should be treated with insulin as soon as they are diagnosed. This is a new concept of treating diabetes based on a large number of evidence-based medical research results in recent years. Studies at home and abroad have confirmed that short-term (about 2 weeks) intensive treatment with insulin for newly diagnosed diabetic patients whose diet control alone is ineffective can enable some of these patients to obtain long-term good results without medication and with diet control alone in the future treatment. This indicates that early intensive treatment can effectively protect, improve and repair the function of pancreatic islet B cells in diabetic patients. Therefore, some foreign scholars advocate that diabetic patients should undergo “intensive treatment” at the very beginning of their diagnosis. As for those diabetic patients who have a long course of disease, who are not effective in taking medication and whose blood sugar remains high for a long time, it is more appropriate to use insulin for intensive treatment. It has been found that some diabetic patients who have developed secondary failure to oral hypoglycemic drugs can regain the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic drugs after a period of insulin treatment and then stop using insulin. Another benefit of intensive therapy is that it can significantly reduce the occurrence of chronic complications of diabetes, especially microvascular complications. Third, from “whipping the sick cow” to “protecting the function of pancreatic islet B cells”. The decline of pancreatic islet B-cell function is an important sign of the progression of type 2 diabetes, and effective protection of pancreatic islet B-cell function means stopping or slowing down the progress of diabetes. In the past, in the treatment of diabetes, people often focus only on the pursuit of glucose-lowering effect without paying attention to the protection of pancreatic islet B-cell function, and use a large number of long-acting or strong insulin promoters (such as euglycemia) to force the damaged pancreatic islet B-cells to secrete insulin. This “whipping the sick cow” approach accelerates the failure of pancreatic islet B-cell function, which in turn leads to secondary drug failure in patients. At present, it is believed that if type 2 diabetic patients carry out lifestyle modification as early as possible, implement combined drug therapy as early as possible, use insulin as early as possible, achieve the blood glucose standard as early as possible and keep the blood glucose at this level for a long time, it can delay or avoid the premature failure of pancreatic islet B-cell function too soon. In addition, type 2 diabetic patients should also avoid the use of long-acting and potent insulin stimulants (such as euglycemia) in large doses for a long time, and instead try to use sensitizers and early-phase (first-phase) insulin stimulants. It is especially important to point out that if type 2 diabetes patients can apply insulin therapy as early as possible, it can correct their own basal insulin deficiency, make their blood sugar reach the standard quickly, make their own islet B cells get sufficient rest, and promote the recovery of the first-phase insulin secretion of islet B cells, and this therapy is regarded as the best means to protect and restore the function of islet B cells. Fourth, from taking one kind of hypoglycemic drugs to the early combination of drugs. In the past, type 2 diabetic patients in the treatment of a single hypoglycemic drugs, until the maximum dose of drugs and blood glucose is not satisfactorily controlled, only then forced to take the combination of drugs. At present, it is believed that this kind of forced “combination medication” is not conducive to the patients to achieve the blood sugar standard as soon as possible, nor is it conducive to the protection of pancreatic B-cell function, nor is it conducive to the effective prevention and treatment of various complications of diabetes. The new treatment model requires that diabetic patients should combine medications early, that is, when taking half the amount of a single drug (half of the maximum allowable dose) does not bring blood glucose under satisfactory control, the dose of this drug should not be increased, and it is not advisable to continue to use only this drug, but should actively use other kinds of hypoglycemic drugs in combination. The early combination of drugs has the following advantages: ① can give full play to the complementary effects of different drugs to enhance the efficacy of hypoglycemia; ② can reduce the side effects that may be brought to patients by the excessive dose of each drug; ③ can help improve insulin resistance, protect the function of pancreatic islet B cells and avoid the situation of “secondary failure of oral hypoglycemic drugs”; ④ It can effectively delay or reduce the occurrence and development of chronic complications. The latest International Diabetes Federation (IDF) global guidelines for type 2 diabetes consider that metformin can be the first choice and base drug for both single and combination medications for patients with type 2 diabetes. Fifth, from the use of “insulin stimulants” to the use of “insulin sensitizers” change. At present, it is believed that insulin resistance is the main cause of type 2 diabetes, and is the source of many metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, blood hypercoagulability, abdominal obesity, etc. It is also the culprit of chronic complications such as cardiovascular diseases, and it runs through the whole process of the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes from the beginning to the end. Therefore, the treatment of type 2 diabetes must start at the source, eliminate “insulin resistance”, and then achieve control of high blood sugar and other risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease, protect pancreatic B cells, delay the progression of type 2 diabetes, and reduce the occurrence of chronic complications of diabetes (macrovascular and microangiopathy). Inappropriate overuse of insulin sensitizers (e.g., euglycemia) not only fails to protect islet 8 cells, but also accelerates islet B cell failure and leads to secondary failure of glucose-lowering medications. On the contrary, insulin sensitizers can cope with insulin resistance and have a protective effect on both pancreatic B cells and large blood vessels, which is conducive to long-term and stable glycemic control of patients, delaying the progression of type 2 diabetes and reducing the occurrence of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular lesions.