What tests are needed for a painless, solitary, hard lump in the breast?

A painless, solitary hard lump in the breast is the clinical characteristic of fibroadenoma of the breast. Breast fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast tumor, which occurs mostly in young women. The lumps are mostly round, with smooth surface, clear demarcation with surrounding tissues and no adhesions. Breast tuberculosis is common in middle-aged women, with few systemic symptoms of tuberculosis, mainly manifested as breast lumps, with a slow course. After rupture, ulceration and long-lasting overflow may occur, and there is a thin pus like bean residue, and the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes are often significantly enlarged. If the breast is rich in fat, the fibroadenoma will appear as a smooth, sharp rounded edge or shadow with uniform density, with a thin translucent halo around the tumor in some cases. There is no increased vascularity. In dense mammary glands, the tumor does not show up well on X-ray because it is similar in density to the breast tissue. Some tumors may be calcified, which may be flaky or irregularly outlined coarse-grained calcified foci, ranging in size from 1 to 25 mm, completely different from the fine sand-like calcification of breast cancer. Ultrasound examination can show the soft tissue structure and the shape, size and density of the lump at all levels of the breast. The tumor of fibroadenoma is mostly round or oval hypoechoic area with clear and neat boundary, uniform internal echogenic distribution, weak light spot, complete posterior wall line and lateral sound shadow. The echogenic enhancement behind the tumor, and if there is calcification, the acoustic shadow can appear behind the calcification point. In recent years, the use of color Doppler ultrasound to detect the blood status of breast tumor to determine the benignity and malignancy of the tumor is very helpful to diagnose this disease. 3, fine needle aspiration cytology examination Needle feeling between tough and brittle, needle aspiration cell volume is often more. The distribution of epithelial cells in the catheter is mostly in the form of clusters, neatly arranged, not overlapping, such as brick-like, with more bipolar nucleated cells. The diagnostic rate is more than 90%. A few cells with large nuclei, obvious anisotropy, rough chromatin and unequal cell size can be misdiagnosed as cancer and cause false positive, which should be paid special attention. 4.Infrared scan The tumor and the surrounding breast tissue transmittance is basically the same, or a gray shadow with sharp relative edge, without dark shadow of surrounding vascular changes.