1. Do all precardiac diseases require surgery? Not all precardiac diseases require surgery. Whether surgery is needed depends on the severity of the malformation, the damage to cardiovascular structure and function, and the impact on the growth and development of the child. For ventricular or atrial defects with a diameter of less than 3 mm to 5 mm, they do not adversely affect the heart function and growth of the child and may not be operated. However, for ventricular defects less than 3 mm, the child is still recommended to be treated actively because the risk of infective endocarditis is several times higher than normal. In addition, because the presence of a heart murmur in the child has an impact on future education, employment, and marriage, and the surgery is now very mature, some parents still choose surgery due to these social factors. There are also some small defects, such as ventricular defects in the sub-stem area, which are less than 5mm due to their proximity to the aortic valve, and they also need active surgical treatment. For children with defects larger than 5 mm in caliber, interventional or surgical treatment is recommended. 2.After surgery, are the patients with precordial disease the same as normal people? Generally speaking, children with congenital heart disease who undergo regular treatment in early childhood can grow and develop like normal children. Adolescents with congenital heart disease treated before the emergence of heart failure have a life expectancy similar to that of normal people in the same age group. Patients who are treated after the onset of heart failure have a significantly shorter life expectancy than normal people in the same age group. Adult congenital heart disease patients treated before the appearance of heart failure have a slightly shorter life expectancy than normal people in the same age group, and adult congenital heart disease patients treated after the appearance of heart failure have a poor treatment effect. 3.When is the best time to operate for children with congenital heart disease? The timing of surgery for children with congenital heart disease depends on the complexity of the congenital malformation, the age and weight of the child, as well as the systemic development and nutritional status. Some congenital heart diseases have the tendency to heal themselves, such as small atrial septal defects and small ventricular septal defects, which have a high possibility of natural closure within 3~5 years old. If the child is well fed and does not have recurrent pneumonia and other conditions, the heart ultrasound can be reviewed once a year until 3~5 years old. Generally simple congenital heart, it is recommended to be 1 – 5 years old, because too young, low weight, poor general development and nutritional status will increase the risk of surgery; too old, the heart will compensate for the increase in size, some even have increased pulmonary artery pressure, which will likewise increase the difficulty of surgery and longer postoperative recovery time. For combined pulmonary hypertension, congenital malformation is serious and affects growth and development, malformation threatens the life of the child, complex malformation requires staged surgery the earlier the better the surgery, regardless of age. 4.What are the treatment methods of congenital heart disease? There are two types of treatment methods for precardiac disease: surgical repair and interventional treatment. Surgical repair is the traditional treatment for simple congenital heart disease (e.g. ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, etc.) and complex congenital heart disease (e.g. combined pulmonary hypertension, tetralogy of Fallot and other heart diseases with cyanosis). Interventional treatment is a new treatment method developed in recent years, mainly for children with unclosed ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect and partial ventricular septal defect that are not combined with other anomalies requiring surgical correction can be considered for interventional treatment. In addition to the traditional open-heart surgery, minimally invasive surgery has emerged in recent years, including thoracoscopic surgery and cosmetic surgery for precordial disease (axillary side open-heart surgery).