Prolonged cranial defects in children can be harmful in a number of ways, affecting brain development, causing cranial defect syndrome in children, and increasing the risk of re-injury due to the child’s mobility. They will also resist some things, such as fear of the sun, fear of vibration and even fear of loud noises, and so on. It also affects children’s lives, socialization and causes psychological disorders in children. Early repair in children can protect the brain tissue in the defective area from re-injury, and at the same time create good conditions for further growth of the new bone, creating an ideal cranium with a normal physiological curvature. 1-3 months after the injury is the fastest period of neurological recovery, early restoration of the integrity of the cranial cavity is a prerequisite for further recovery of neurological function, which not only improves the hemodynamics of the local brain tissue, but also relieves the compression of atmospheric pressure on the brain tissue of the defective area. For some children with craniocerebral injury in the later stage of limb paralysis, aphasia, mental or intellectual disorders associated with the site of injury has a different degree to promote the recovery effect. Children’s cranial repair materials must also pay attention to the need to choose good repair materials, general materials can cause many sequelae and complications.