Bud-Giali syndrome, also known as Buga syndrome, is a group of disorders characterized by portal hypertension, or combined inferior vena cava hypertension, caused by obstruction of the hepatic veins, or the inferior vena cava above their openings. Some scholars refer to it as hepatic venous syndrome, most commonly caused by the septum of the inferior vena cava above the opening of the hepatic vein and by intrahepatic venous thrombosis. Most of them in China, Japan, India and South Africa are caused by the inferior vena cava septum above the hepatic vein, and a few are caused by the hepatic vein membrane; most of them in Europe and the United States are caused by hepatic vein thrombosis and are associated with hypercoagulable states, such as true erythrocytosis, antithrombin III deficiency, and hyperphospholipid syndrome. It is often divided into three types, and the main symptoms often include distension and pain in the right upper abdomen after exertion, hepatosplenomegaly, the appearance of ascites, bilateral lower limb edema, varices in the thoracoabdominal wall and even in the lumbar back, esophageal varices and ruptured bleeding, and patients in advanced stages are in a cachectic state.